ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.130

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAt the time when free market economy is struggling with ways of stimulating technological innovation, China, from its communist hierachy of scientific and technological (S&T) progress, has promulgated four statutory laws to promote S&T development. This article gives a brief description of some legislative processes and contents of the codes, to understand their characteristics in the socialist system.The PRC's (People's Republic of China) model implies that the economic and legal system in Communist Society is changing. However, there remain some problems among the ordinances; unless these problems are resolved, the effects of the model may be limited.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.131

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe present Polish economic reform has the characteristic features ‘much more market into the economy’ and ‘much more economic power for workers’. Financial instruments predominate in measures undertaken to influence R&D institutions and industrial firms, but management reforms are necessary to shorten both R&D cycles and investment processes.The recent incentives must cause an extension of firms' interests in technical innovation but they do not create economic pressure to innovate.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.137

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe Max-Planck-Society is facing financial difficulty because of budget stagnation. Significant efforts have been required to uphold the research quality. Nevertheless, since 1984, five new institutions have been opened and two have been expanded. The appointment of head scientists at some institutes has led to future-oriented thematic changes in the research priorities of those institutes. Equipment modernisation is the next challenge after budget approval: then the Society can concentrate more on the substance of its research policies.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.144

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIt has been argued that British science was in decline during the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. However, a computer count of the percentage of contributions with a UK address among the sources of the Science Citation Index gives a different picture: British scientific output was relatively stable over the 1970s, then showed a remarkable increase from 1981 onwards. The discrepancies between these figures and those of earlier publications can be explained in terms of the databases which were used.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.149

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research by the authors shows that the output and impact of British science has declined significantly over the last decade relative to other major industrial nations. This paper responds to the claim made by Leydesdorjf elsewhere in this issue of the journal that British research output has instead exhibited “a remarkable increase” from 1981 onwards. A detailed analysis of the available statistical evidence shows that Leydesdorffs claims are spurious, and serves as a caution to those attempting to use on-line bibliometric data-bases for science-policy purposes without first processing the ‘raw’ figures.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.153

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe role of congruence between agricultural research and farm development is discussed, in particular with respect to a low-yield high-cost pattern of agricultural development in Venezuela. Evidence shows that research priorities were set according to crops suited to that development pattern, without regard to any long-term congruence with respect to a better handling of possible ‘external economies’ at the farm level (annual light radiation distribution pattern, soil humidity control and fertilizers' consumption). Given a highly fragmented institutional framework and a late involvement of the local scientific community in the debate on prevailing policies, this involvement is regarded as ill-timed and ineffectual vis-a-vis the established technological pattern.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.163

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThese three books are reviewed with the premises that science is fun, scientists insatiably curious and the answers remarkably beautiful, Literature and science often make uneasy companions and a scientific autobiography may fall into the trap of merely relating public events. It is rare to achieve a deep insight into the private scientist It is interesting that) of the three* the Nobel prize-winning scientist can reflect not only on victory but on relative defeat.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.170

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/15.3.180

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1988

数据来源: OUP