ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractA brief history of science institutions in Sir Lanka is followed by a detailed description of an attempt around 1984 to formulate a national S&T policy. In the hope that useful lessons emerge for other third world countries the many problems with this exercise are described — from arbitrary selection of sectors for analysis, through lack of guidelines, to largely ignoring financial decisions-makers.The basic problem of under-development of science in developing countries rests on the human and social aspects of the scientific community rather than their intellectual ability. Adequate steps must be taken to ensure freedom of thinking and imagination of scientists.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.59

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere is a wide variation in the ways in which expert opinion is incorporated into the evaluation process. Firstly, it depends on the audience for whcih the review is intended — is it internal or external? Then the goals may be specific (targeted) or general (untargeted) .This paper investigates each combination with specific examples from such organisations as IBM, the European Economic Community and the US National Science Foundation. Expert and peer review is a widely used form of evaluation: only competent peers can provide the detailed examination of content and constructive criticism of achievements which can improve program effectiveness rather than punishing its lack.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.71

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractEvaluation research assumes the need for evaluation and applies to an array of techniques for satisfying the need. There is another approach though, which rejects the notion of omnibus techniques and the axiom of need. This takes evaluation as a research problem and makes it a by-product of science studies not an objective.A framework is given for evaluating a research program. How the components are defined and measured has consequences for their use, so the design of the evaluation is crucial. Improving evaluation is not only a matter of anticipation; it requires interaction between research performers and the users of the evaluation.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.82

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAdministrators can evaluate a scientific research program or the funding pattern of a research funding program at many different levels of completeness and sophistication. Big science, with its high fiscal visibility, tends to attract intensive reviews because of the size of its program elements. NIMH research tends to be small scale (little science). The questions raised by this type of research are choice questions such as: Did we get the best research dollar? Ultimately, establishing the criteria for a research evaluation may be more important and more difficult than actually doing the evaluation.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.91

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractBibliometric techniques have been used in a wide variety of program evaluations including tracing research advances in cancer and the development of the oral contraceptive. Recently bibliometrics have been used in assessing the efficiency of funding mechanisms and the productivity of the National Institute of Health's extramural and intramural programs.There is a rapidly growing acceptance of bibliometric techniques in measuring research performance, because they correlate with more conventional measures. The addition of citation data to publication performance refines and adds to this correlation. A few minor limitations exist but overall, when applied with care and adequate knowledge of the underlying research fields, bibliometrics can greatly enhance the evaluation process.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.99

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractOn the 23 January 1987, Joseph Needham FRS, FBA and Horonary Fellow of the International Science Policy Foundation was presented with the Foundation's Medal for his outstanding contribution to the international understanding of science. This is an appreciation of Joseph Needham given on that occasion by Dr Maurice Goldsmith.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.107

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.109

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.111

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/14.2.112

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1987

数据来源: OUP