ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe deficiencies of provisions for incorporating the advice of technical experts into the formulation of public policy in the USA have much more to do with process than with organizational structure. The key problem is the accommodation of the cultures of science and of politics in ways that preserve the values inherent in their differences as well as dealing with their interdependence. But well constructed and managed advisory bodies can not only help the nation take advantage of the knowledge available to its citizens, but can help empower those citizens to hold their public representatives accountable and strengthen democracy.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.67

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere are many difficulties in providing science and technology advice to government. There is a lot of naive and wishful thinking on both sides. In Norway the idea of a science advisory council was implemented in 1949 and disbanded in 1988. There are many pros and cons to instituting such a council again, but with a few important modifications to the previous set-up it could provide a valuable service to the government.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.79

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe S&T policy advisory system in Australia has been through three distinct stages — the centralist model, the pluralist model and the new model for the 1990s. What is now needed is to provide top level S&T advice, improve co-ordination between the agencies responsible for S&T policy decisions, serve the community and improve the quality of S&T policy advice within a pluralist system.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.87

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe German science and technology policy advice system is discussed. The critical requirements are reflexivity, knowledge transfer, co-ordination and public participation. Substantial opportunities exist to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the German system within the given socio-structural, socio-cultural, socio-economic, political and institutional boundary conditions.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.97

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThis paper defines the megaproject selection problem, discusses how it arises, and suggests some rules for improving the political decision processes inevitably involved in choosing between competing megaprojects. Any and all ex ante estimates about the cost-benefits of megaprojects depend on the judgments and forecasts of experts. However, to improve megaproject selection, the paper suggests forcing cost considerations early, widening the mix of experts used, taking note of predictive track record in selecting experts, convening experts more than once given flexible and modular designs, and reducing private knowledge and information races among US scientific cadres so as to increase international risk and cost sharing.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.105

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere is an important shift in international science and technology toward international economic, rather than security, goals in the motivation for support, but little diminution of the strong national basis of decision-making. Resource constraints will increase the attractiveness of cost-sharing through international scientific cooperation, although the economic pressures on governments will limit the number and scale of these projects. By contrast, the opportunities and needs for international scientific cooperation will grow as interdependence advances. However, the virulence of nationalism is more characteristic than the growth of international federalism.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.115

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractDuring the Bush Administration a high degree of co-operation and communication was developed among the federal agencies from which have come many bilateral and multilateral inter-agency agreements. New channels for private sector input into decision making at the highest levels of government have been created and there is now a formal national technology policy. The current transition times offer both challenges and opportunities.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.127

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.133

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.2.134

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP