摘要:

The main elements of neurogenic inflammation in the skin – antidromic vasodilatation, axon reflex flare and neurogenic plasma extravasation – are briefly described. New evidence is presented for a contribution from small myelinated fibres, as well as unmyelinated fibres, to antidromic vasodilatation. The mechanisms underlying flare are discussed and it is argued that weak coupling between C-fibre terminals must be important in determining the extent of spread of vasodilatation. The extent to which neurogenic factors contribute to a range of inflammatory models and to inflammatory disease states is discussed; it is argued that the importance of neurogenic mechanisms may have been underestima

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of nerves immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in human skin with special reference to the intraepidermal nerve fibres. It was shown by light and electron microscopy that a small proportion of the CGRP immunoreactive nerves entered the epidermis. The majority of the nerves ended as free nerve terminals subepidermally. Intraepidermal nerve endings were mainly seen in skin areas, which have a dense sensory innervation, such as fingertips and foreskin. The role of the peptidergic nerves in human skin is discussed.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The major plasma metabolite of acitretin (trans-acitretin) is its 13-cis isomer, cis-acitretin. Interconversion of cis -acitretin to trans-acitretin was demonstrated in man following administration of a single oral dose of cis -acitretin. Plasma concentrations of Ro 13–7652 (cis-acitretin) and Ro 10–1670 (trans-acitretin) were much higher after cis -acitretin administration than after trans-acitretin administration. Surprisingly, these high concentrations were not associated with a clear therapeutic effect in dermatoses (e.g. psoriasis) which are usually responsive to oral retinoids. Interactions between the cis and trans isomers formed in vivo may explain the difference in therapeutic activity of each stereoisomer when administered ora

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The arotinoid Ro 15-0778 is a potent inhibitor of sebum secretion in rodents but not in humans, while isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid, Accutane®) inhibits sebum secretion in rodents and humans. The concentrations of Ro 15-0778 and isotretinoin were determined in plasma and target tissues of castrated, testosterone-stimulated hamsters after oral and topical dosing and in castrated, testosterone-stimulated rats after oral dosing. Comparison of this concentration data to that obtained in the plasma and sebum of humans after dosing with Ro 15-00778 and with isotretinoin did not explain why Ro 15-0778 was a potent inhibitor of sebum production in rodents but not in humans

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In contrast to oral administration, topical ciclosporin is not effective in the treatment of psoriasis. This may be due to the drug’s inability to penetrate the stratum corneum or to a need for systemic metabolism of ciclosporin to active metabolites. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the ability of ciclosporin, in a variety of vehicles, to penetrate excised human skin in a two-compartment diffusion cell, a standard in vitro technique for evaluating percutaneous drug delivery. A high-pressure liquid chromatography assay for ciclosporin did not detect the passage of ciclosporin through skin. This finding was consistent through multiple trials, some of which evaluated Azone or liposomal formulations, which are reported to enhance the penetrability of certain compounds. These results indicate that ciclosporin is unable to penetrate human skin in the vehicles tested. This may explain the lack of clinical efficacy we demonstrated in 5 patients with psoriasis treated with topical ciclosporin for 14–16 d

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were studied by autoradiography in cultured keratinocytes, immediately, 24 and 48 h after 8-methoxypsoralen and ulraviolet light, (PUVA) treatment. Using the same technique, the immediate and long-term effects of PUVA therapy on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were analysed in skin biopsies from psoriatic patients. In the cultures, immediately after irradiation, DNA and RNA syntheses were similarly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, while protein synthesis was slightly affected only for the highest dose. After 24 h, RNA synthesis recovered whereas DNA synthesis was more severely inhibited suggesting that other cell components may be damaged by PUVA. In patients, DNA and RNA syntheses decreased immediately after PUVA sessions. During all the sessions until the psoriatic plaques had cleared, an impairment of DNA synthesis was observed in comparison with the synthesis in involved and uninvolved skin before treatment. These results suggest that the therapeutic efficiency of PUVA is based on the inhibition of DNA replication due to direct effects on nucleic acids but also to photoreactions with other cell components.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210783

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relevance of salicylic acid in dithranol creams was evaluated in a double-blind study. Patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated using a short-contact schedule for dithranol on an outpatient basis. A left-right comparison was carried out between sites treated with either dithranol with 2 % salicylic acid (D+S) or dithranol in the same base without salicylic acid (D-S). Clinical results were evaluated once a week using the psoriasis area severity index. In order to quantify the improvement, flow cytometric measurements were done using the monoclonal antibody Ks8.12, recognizing keratin 16 in normal and lesional epidermis. Simultaneously, relative DNA content was quantified which previously was described as a useful method to monitor a therapeutic effect. Both PASI scores and Ks8.12 binding decreased after 6 weeks treatment with D+S and D-S. However, percentages of cells in SG2M phases did not show a significant change. No significant difference was observed between sites treated with either D+S or D-S. Therefore we conclude that the addition of salicylic acid in a concentration of 2 % does not enhance the efficacy of dithranol creams and we confirm that Ks8.12 is a useful quantitative marker for therapeutic efficacy.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The epidermis and dermis of 12 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis were investigated utilizing the indirect immunofluorescence technique as a tool to study the distribution of neurochemical markers, such as neuropeptides. No differences between controls and the patients were revealed.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210786

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1159/000210787

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger