ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe nature of work has changed dramatically over the last 40 years. Most people can now look forward to a job with responsibility and commitment.This raises questions about the role of education. It has to produce people who have an appetite for change: this is difficult when there is so much specialisation amongst academic staff.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.256

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractTo varying extents, the public distrusts science and technology; some of the issues, including the depersonalising sometimes associated with technology, are outlined. The author is not unsympathetic to some of these views. Various remedies, bringing experts and the public closer to one another, include better informing of the public, and of decision makers, changes in the attitudes of scientists, open discussions between public and decison makers, and various modes of fully involving the public in decisions.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.259

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractPoliticians are no longer prepared to put up the money and allow the scientists to decide how to spend it. National science policies are being developed, and the European Economic Community (EEC) is cooperating in this respect.It is now time to consider a European science policy. This requires the involvement of the ministers responsible for science in the participating states to prepare the ground, as well as the co-operation of the European scientists.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.265

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe biggest gap in Britain's research and development (R&D) effort is the lack of any coherent policy for the conduct of strategic research. The nature of this problem is reviewed and two proposals are made to fill the gap.First, increased government funding for strategic research (though without accepting any contribution from the USA's Strategic Defense Initiative); second, the setting up of a Strategic Research Commission and a Strategic Research Executive linked to the Cabinet Office, to co-ordinate and commission strategic research.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.269

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScience and technology (S&T) indicators have become central elements in S&T policy-making in advanced nations, but have only recently started to be applied to the specific needs of developing nations. Caution must be exercised, however, in the translation of advanced national experience into the context of the third world.New sorts of indicators are needed that link economic and social goals with the relatively small contribution that national science can make. These are called ‘targeting’ indicators, because scarce national scientific resources must be strategically targeted to have any substantial impact at all.Three basic cautions, concerning copying, compromise and non-substantial relevance, are summarised that particularly need to be taken into account when building up an S&T indicator capability appropriate to developing nations.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.275

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAmateur scientists are concentrated in disciplines which do not require laboratory facilities or extensive training in theory, for instance ornithology and astronomy. Within this restriction, amateur scientists offer much. Some are amongst their fields' best known scientists, partly because of their ability to communicate via the mass media.Amateur science societies provide a training ground for giving lectures and writing in scientific journals, although sometimes professional members tend to make the publications too specialist. Such societies may have considerably more members (especially women) than their professional counterparts. Thus they provide an important involvement for social groups not otherwise catered for.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.285

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe European introduction of science education to India did not produce the expected cultural transformation. Instead, it created a rift between the educated elite and those brought up in the traditional schools.A growing disillusion with the effects of science and technology (S&T) led Europeans to look more closely at the traditional Indian cultural values, and especially the spiritual heritage of, say, meditation. This in turn has led many Indians to concentrate more heavily on their past and to dismiss modern S&T.Scientists in India now need to integrate socially, and to recognise that mankind has to live in harmony with the environment. Personal relationships are as vital as the production relationship.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.290

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractNigeria was once a leading producer of many agricultural products, and still has much unused potential (under half her cultivatable land is currently cultivated). Despite this, food imports increased around thirty times from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.Research and development have not been as effective as they should be in increasing output. Reasons include the frequent restructuring of the Nigerian science and technology councils and other political matters, the lack of funding, and the poor links of research and extension services with the important but often largely ignored small farm sector (including the lack of farm trials). Change will not come easily.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.295

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractMany day-to-day items in British life have origins which lie far from British shores. This short account mentions many of them. We are more dependent upon other cultures and periods than we often realise.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.5.301

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP