ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe basis of this article is a study of research systems in six countries — France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, UK and US. Whilst there are similarities between the countries, there are also differences; the plan was to assess these differences with a view to possible reconsiderations of US policy for research. Foreign systems may not be transferable, but questions are raised to focus attention on some issues meriting closer investigation and further discussion.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.67

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe basis of this article is a study of research systems in six countries — France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, UK and US. Whilst there are similarities between the countries, there are also differences; the plan was to assess these differences with a view to possible reconsiderations of US policy for research. Foreign systems may not be transferable, but questions are raised to focus attention on some issues meriting closer investigation and further discussion.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.77

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScientific and technological research activities need evaluating to judge how well the original objectives were met, the value of the results, and what aided or hindered success — so as to identify changes to make next time. This article discusses the selection of assessment criteria (and related views of how far success is due to internal or external factors); and how the criteria can then be compared with the available information and indicators. Many criteria often used come from the leading research areas of the world; internationally, science is largely the national sciences of the center. Possible responses from the periphery are discussed. Distinctions are made between the indicators, monitoring systems, and the evaluation itself. Modifications for the periphery of commonly used evaluation methods are suggested.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.83

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractTraditional technologies have largely been ignored in the introduction of modern science and technology (S&T) in Africa. Developed countries have exported their modern machines and techniques and neither the African nations nor the multinationals have taken into account the different socio-economic background. Africa must become more self-reliant in S&T which requires national, regional and continental measures to ensure that it is directed towards welfare of the people. Only in this way will the adopted technology be appropriate to the unique needs of the continent.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.89

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe European Economic Community (EEC) represents a sizeable market in comparison with its main competitors — USSR, USA and Japan. Recent growth rates in Europe, though, have been disappointing. There is no shortage of European inventions, but it is crucial that these be translated into economic growth. Co-operation between EEC countries in science and technology is encouraging, but there are still many barriers which need to be broken. European countries are determined to tackle jointly the challenge of modern technology. Europe launched the first industrial revolution, contributed to the second. and can ill afford to miss the third.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.97

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScience and technology have moved forward in leaps and bounds especially in the West. Asian nations have adopted much of this western development, but the socio-cultural changes have lagged behind. In India, the post-industrial society lives alongside the pre-industrial, leaving people confused. Policy-makers have a conflict between social and scientific progress, and still only 32% of the population is literate. Education and social policy aimed at eliminating cultural deprivation will play a critical role if India is to become a truly industrial nation.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.101

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIndia has recognized the importance of S&T with the Science Policy Resolution of 1958 and the Technology Policy Statement of 1983. She is concentrating on the development of indigenous technology together with the effective absorption and adaptation of appropriate imported technology. To this end many tax incentives have been given to private sector industry, and other aids to the public sector, to set up R&D units. India has achieved self-reliance in several areas and near self-sufficiency in many other through the promotional measures taken by the government and the active role played by industry.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.106

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.113

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/13.2.115

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1986

数据来源: OUP