ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractUsing Canada as an example, Freeman's classification of industrial innovation within firms is applied to national systems of innovation. Canada's technological strategy has largely been imitative and defensive, and has fostered the promotion of national unity. In the future this strategy may be self-defeating as non-renewable resources become depleted and the toll on the environment becomes increasingly heavy.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.83

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractJapanese industrial competitiveness is analysed using the electronics industry as an example. The analysis shows that the industrial competitiveness is due to a combination of factors, including development and upgrading of manufacturing facilities, promotion of skills and organisational learning and nurturing new industries and technologies.Some of the most important lessons that can he derived from the Japanese experiences are: comprehensive technology monitoring and forecasting are needed to identify thrust areas, and investment banks, government and industries need to have a strategic vision of where the industry should focus; industry-government interactions have to be mutually supportive, consensus oriented and participative but not coercive; and flexible production or automation is the direction in which advanced industrial economies are moving.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.93

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractUsing the organisational developments of the Fraunhofer Society and the growth process of new telecommunications services in West Germany as examples, the continuity and discontinuity of social processes are investigated using the concepts of path-dependency and critical mass. In both cases, as soon as the network exceeded a critical threshold the growth became self stimulating. However, they also show how, in the initial phases, critical decisions, historical accidents, exogenous shocks and situational coincidences may channel a development in a certain pathway.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.111

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the Human Genome Project is to map and eventually obtain the complete DNA sequence of the 24 different chromosomes that comprise the human genome. The information stemming from the project promises to revolutionise our understanding of genetic disease and the genetic components underlying individual human differences.This improved understanding is likely to bring considerable benefits in terms of improved diagnosis and perhaps treatment of a range of diseases. However, it will also raise a number of ethical and social questions in areas such as confidentiality and protection of privacy, and the use of genetic testing in employment or for insurance purposes. Funding for the HGP in the United States includes a specific allocation for research into the ethical, legal and social issues, and it is argued that a similar commitment is needed in the UK.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.123

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractPoland has begun a very radical and rapid path to a market economy. Seven dilemmas facing the government with regard to innovations are highlighted and discussed. These will he difficult to solve but Poland needs a strong public policy towards innovation.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.131

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.135

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.137

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.138

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/18.2.139

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1991

数据来源: OUP