摘要:

Both bovine and human myelin basic protein (MBP) have been shown to have electrophysiological activity. As MBP is susceptible to proteolytic degradation, our aim was to discover whether the resulting peptides retained this activity. Bovine MBP was completely cleaved by plasmin into at least nine peptides. The electrophysiological activities of this peptide mixture and of bovine MBP were directly compared on the hemisected frog spinal cord. The peptide mixture and intact bovine MBP had quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects (dose-dependent long-lasting depolarization, about 100 times more active than glutamate). Four peptides (molecular weights 14,000, 10,500, 8,000, 4,500) from thrombin or cathepsin D cleavage of bovine MBP also showed electrophysiological activity, positively correlated to their molecular weights. As MBP-like material occurs in increased concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid during demyelinating diseases, peptides resulting from proteolytic degradation of MBP, e.g. in demyelinating foci of multiple sclerosis, might cause neuronal disturbances.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116230

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A rare case with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, in association with cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation and alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea, as demonstrated by polysomnography, was encountered. This combination has not been described previously. From a prognostic point of view, alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea is an important clinical feature in this disease entity. Neither ataxia nor the abnormality of pyruvate metabolism was alleviated after 6 months of therapy with coenzyme Q10.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116231

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The files of 556 patients with a history of ischaemic stroke were reviewed. The disability and mortality rates were compared between 277 patients with a steroid treatment in the acute stage and 279 without. Comparison of the whole group showed that the steroid-treated patients had less improvement of their disability and a higher mortality rate than the non-steroid group. However, in the former more patients with a severe stroke were present. Statistical analysis of a subset of 208 patients with completed stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory showed no marked difference in the outcome and the adverse reactions between the steroid- and non-steroid-treated patients.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116232

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 167 patients with cerebrovascular disorders 323 carotid bifurcations were investigated by Duplex ultrasound. In 100 of these patients, additionally intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and in 35 patients, also intra-arterial DSA was carried out. In 32 patients all three procedures were performed. Comparing the results of Duplex scan and intravenous DSA with intra-arterial DSA it can be concluded that Duplex scan and intravenous DSA are comparable as screening methods for the evaluation of haemodynamically relevant stenoses and occlusions in extracranial artery disease. However, for the evaluation of stenotic vessels of less than 50% lumen reduction the Duplex scan showed a higher agreement rate with a contingency coefficient of 0.957 in comparison to intravenous DSA with a contingency coefficient of 0.903.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116233

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A sural nerve biopsy obtained from a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis and overt clinical signs of polyneuropathy showed degenerative changes of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The pathological aspects were those of an axonopathy. Endoneural vessels were also involved, showing changes either in the endothelial cells, which were thickened and enriched with organelles, or in the basal membrane, which was reduplicated and thicker than in the controls. There were no cellular infiltrates nor was there clear evidence of fibrosis in the vascular wall. We suggest that peripheral neuropathy in Wegener’s granulomatosis could be secondary to endoneural vessel changes on the basis of a possible immune complex act

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116234

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We compared the relative elevations of the two diaphragms in the supine chest films of 62 patients with recent hemiparesis due to a supratentorial stroke with that of 92 acute coronary patients without neurologic disease. Patients with severe hemiparesis or lesions larger than 40 ml exhibited an excessive elevation of the diaphragm on the paretic side compared with controls. This finding was more common with lesions involving the genu of the internal capsule and/or the near anterolateral area. Measurement of the interdiaphragmatic elevation difference may give information on the location and/or size of the stroke.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116235

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Effects of indeloxazine, a new compound which has been thought to block reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, on cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites were evaluated in 11 patients with dementia. Treatment with 90 mg/day of indeloxazine for 6–8 weeks resulted in significant reduction in methoxyhydroxyphenylen glycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in these patients. These findings are consistent with results reported in experimental animals. The mode of action with respect to changes in monoamine metabolites and therapeutic implications of this compound are discusse

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116236

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The clinical diagnosis of dementia includes medical history, neurological examination, psychiatric interview and dementia scale. The identification of conditions producing dementia can only be achieved by adding to the clinical information the data gathered from ancillary investigations. The usual ancillary diagnostic investigations (biochemical tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), EEG, CT, MRI, angiography) can rather easily identify brain disorders due to tumors, vascular malformations, hematomas, infections, toxins and drugs, deficiency diseases, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, metabolic and endocrine derangements. The differential diagnosis between degenerative and vascular dementia needs laboratory tests such as CSF, EEG, Somatosensory Evoked Potentials, CT (which constitutes a major role in a modified ischemic score) and MRI. The three final diagnostic labels are possible, probable and definite vascular dementia, which include clinical features and laboratory investigations concurrently confirming the diagnosis. If ancillary investigations fail to show multiple infarct lesions or if mixed forms are suspected an unequivocal diagnosis can be made only on histopathological evidence.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116237

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report on 79 patients of different stages of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection according to the Walter-Reed staging classification (WR). Comparing the HIV antibody content per weight IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 54 patients (68%) showed higher antibody activity in CSF than in serum, indicating intrathecal antibody production and thus a local challenge with the virus. The percentage of patients with these antibodies in CSF increased from stage WR 1 (33%) to WR 5 (90%). It decreased again in WR 6 (68%). Twenty-one patients with intrathecally produced antibodies but without evidence for opportunistic or preexistent neuropsychiat-ric diseases were further analyzed. Even in stages WR 1 und 2 these patients showed distinct clinical signs. These consisted mostly in apathic personality change (n = 13), peripheral neuropathy (n = 8) or mild hemisyndrome (n = 9). Progression to severe dementia solely caused by HIV encephalitis seems to be possible. More often acceleration of the mental disorder indicates a synergistic action of other pathogens. Our study gives further evidence for very frequent, early and clinically active involvement of the nervous system by the HIV infection.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116238

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000209687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1910

数据来源: Karger