摘要:

The usefulness of measuring β2-microglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed in this article. An elevation of this protein in the CSF is particularly indicative of disease activity in multiple sclerosis, neuro-Behçet’s disease, sarcoidosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-dementia complex and meningeal metastasis of malignant tumors, especially the meningeal dissemination of acute leukemia and malignant lymph

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116674

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two patients with a dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula presented with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsies without signs of ocular congestion or proptosis. According to this, dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula should be included in the differential diagnosis of any case of painful ophthalmoplegia, even in the absence of other ocular signs.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116675

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An unusual case of central neurofibromatosis associated with a unilateral acoustic neuroma, multiple intracranial meningiomas, spinal neurofibroma and visceral involvement is presented. The progressive clinical course of this syndrome is described and discussed with a review of the relevant literature.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116676

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Even in the absence of clinically apparent seizures, patients undergoing chronic dialysis often exhibit abnormal EEG activity, which is usually attributed to the type of dialysis or to the dysequilibrium syndrome. To find out whether these abnormalities occurred only during dialysis sessions, 10 children with end-stage renal failure undergoing chronic dialysis were continuously monitored for 52 h during dialysis and between two sessions. The EEG tracing was abnormal in 5 children. Two had paroxysmal aspecific slow waves towards the end of the sessions, with a fall in blood pressure, malaise and fainting. In 3 children EEG abnormalities – also present in the interdialytic period – were not clinically apparent. Long-term EEG monitoring in these cases distinguished between the electrical events that were related to dialysis and those that were not. It also suggested that, rather than being dialysis-dependent, these events frequently reflect a basic neurological disor

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116677

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) induced by antipsychotic drugs represents a great concern for patients and psychiatrists. Considering its pathophysiological mechanisms, there exists a convergence towards the development of postsynaptic dopaminergic hypersensitivity as a possible cause of TD. Hypersensitivity following receptor blockade is the consequence of an increased number of receptors and such a synthesis is energy-dependent. In the brain, under normal conditions, energy is almost exclusively provided by glucose utilization. We thus hypothesized that, if glucose availability were reduced, the metabolically hyperactive structures should represent the best functional target of a reduction in fuel availability. Twenty chronic schizophrenic outpatients (13 males, 7 females), aged 20–67 (mean: 38.3), accepted to practicipate in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned to either the insulin treatment group (10 patients) or to the insulin-placebo group (10 patients). They received a subcutaneous injection of 10 units of standard insulin or placebo at 10 a.m. From day 1 to day 15, injections were performed daily and, thereafter, every other week for 5 weeks totalizing 20 injections in 90 days. At day 7, the insulin treatment group showed a sharp decrease in the intensity of TD symptoms which persisted throughout the duration of the study. By contrast, no change in TD symptomatology was observed in the insulin-placebo-treated group. Although a direct effect on DA neurones, or at least the participation of such an effect, cannot be excluded, our data favor a role of decreased glucose availability in reversing receptor hypersensitivit

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116678

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reports the clinical features of 2 patients affected by mixed transcortical aphasia. Both of them had extensive damage of the left hemisphere. Cerebral blood flow measurement showed a marked decrease in left-hemisphere flow. In particular, speech areas were found to be morphologically and functionally damaged. The present findings, together with a critical review of the literature, served as a starting point for a discussion of linguistic features, diagnostic criteria and classical neuroanatomical interpretation of mixed transcortical aphasia. The possible contribution of the right hemisphere in determining this aphasic syndrome is suggested.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116679

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ictal sexual manifestations, like somatosensory genital phenomena, sexual emotions or sexual automatisms during a partial complex seizure, are very rare. So far the literature has above all described cases in adulthood. We report on a 6-year-old boy with partial complex epileptic seizures which led to confusion, oral and genital automatisms and the urge to urinate. During one epileptic seizure with these urogenital manifestations the EEG showed an epileptic rhythmic discharge over the left temporal region.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116680

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three patients presented with an acute agitated delirium as the earliest sign of bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarction. All patients showed a unique slow progressive deterioration with a remarkably long interval between the first neuropsychological and subsequent visual and neurological symptoms, ranging from 3 to 30 days. Repeated CT scans demonstrated hypodensities in the posterior artery territory only after a long interval of 9–12 days, in case 3, and between 33 and 48 days in case 2. In the latter case MRI was still negative 33 days after onset. In 2 patients the cortical blindness was complicated with anosognosia for blindness. Clinical condition worsened progressively in all patients, leading to death, probably due to brainstem infarction. In all 3, the combination of clinical and radiological findings indicated a ‘top of the basilar’ distribution, which could be confirmed in two by au

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116681

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The paper reports the results of recordings and maps of event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained in normal subjects. ERPs were recorded from 19 scalp electrode derivations using both visual and acoustic paradigms. In normal subjects, topographical distribution of all ERP components is described in detail. Our findings in normals suggest that the early modulation of stimulus-related potentials could be located in primary associative areas, and that N2, P3a, P3b, and SW have different distributions.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116682

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Worldwide neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the human brain and meninges. Clinical features of the illness vary with the stage of ova infection, but most problems arise when the mature cyst degenerates. Seizures, increased intracranial pressure, and focal neurologic signs then often develop. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance usually demonstrate Cysticercus cellulosae cysts in the brain. A new immunoblot test for antibodies to the cysticercus seems both sensitive and specific. Treatment with praziquantel or albendazole has hastened the disappearance of the cysts on computed tomography and improved clinical symptoms.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger