摘要:

A total of 800 posturographic measurements – each characterized by four values (sway path, sway area, anteroposterior sway and lateral sway) – was carried out for this study. Eight different conditions (interfoot distances of 0, 4, 10 and 20 cm, each with eyes open and eyes closed) were compared by statistical means. All sway values were diminished by vision in small interfoot distances. At large interfoot distances, however, the presence of visual control resulted in an increase of lateral sway. Comparing the different foot positions, an increase of anteroposterior sway and a decrease of all other components were found at large interfoot distances no matter whether the eyes were open or clo

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116420

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were evaluated in a series of 15 patients with extra-axial cerebello-pontine angle tumors (3 cases), demyelinating plaques (11 cases), and intra-axial tumor (1 case), verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A satisfactory correlation between the location of the lesions and the type of BAEP abnormalities was found in 11 cases. In 2 other cases, definite MRI brainstem lesions located outside the acoustic pathways were associated with normal BAEPs. In the opposite situation (2 cases of BAEP abnormalities with normal MRI), the inability of MRI to detect demyelinating lesions may be due to the temporal evolution of the lesions themselves. The results of this BAEP-MRI comparative study confirm that BAEP is a sensitive diagnostic tool in revealing brainstem dysfunction, although its localizing power appears to be debatable. The most satisfactory MRI/BAEP topodiagnostic correlation was found with lesions involving the acoustic nerve in its intracranial tract or the caudal pons and bulbopontine junctions.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116421

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

N-Isopropyl-p-123I-amphetamine (123I-IMP) single photon emission computer tomography studies were performed on 17 patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). All patients displayed varying degrees of impaired fixation of 123I-IMP in the whole brain. These findings were not related to the clinical variants of ALS and the age of the patients. A correlation between the severity of the disease and the degree of impaired fixation could be observed. In addition, patients suffering from ALS for longer periods showed more pronounced impairment of 123I-IMP fixation.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116422

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acute effects of intravenously administered L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) were evaluated with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in 30 demented patients (21 with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s dementia and 9 with mixed-type dementia). Two SPECT scans were performed: in basal conditions, and 30 min after the administration of 500, 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 mg LAC intravenously. Tracer activity ratios were determined in 10 pairs of cerebellar, cortical and subcortical regions. After administration of the lowest dose of LAC, no changes from the basal values were observed in any of the regions examined. The higher doses of the drug significantly elevated the tracer activity in cortical regions, particularly in the parietal lobe, which showed an impaired regional cerebral blood flow in the basal study. These effects of LAC and their relation with the cholinomimetic properties of the drug are discusse

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116423

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings in an 85-year-old male presenting with a lateral medullary syndrome and ipsilateral hemiplegia (Opalski’s syndrome) due to giant-cell arteritis of the vertebral artery. Other common associated symptoms of the disease were absent, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was only of 30 mm/h. This case emphasizes that limited intracranial giant-cell arteritis may present rarely as a strok

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116424

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We observed a patient with the hypereosinophilic syndrome that showed as a prominent clinical feature peripheral nerve dysfunction. The neuropathy evolved over 4 months and affected sensory and motor functions. Nerve conduction studies and EMG were compatible with axonal neuropathy. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed severe axonal degeneration with neurogenic atrophy of muscle. Morphometry of peroneal nerve showed marked axonal loss, more prominent in large myelinated fibers. There was no evidence of vasculitis process. Neuropathy is produced by eosinophil-released substances exerting a neurotoxic effect through direct altered vascular endothelial permeability and local mast cell histamine release.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116425

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ten patients with post-viral fatigue syndrome and abnormal serological, virological, immunological and histological studies were examined by the single-fibre electromyographic (EMG) technique after excluding concurrent problems in the neuromuscular system. No abnormality of fibre density was noted but all patients had abnormal jitter values. Very high jitter values were not associated with impulse or concomitant blocking. The findings confirm the organic nature of the disease. A muscle membrane disorder probably arising from defective myogenic enzymes is the likely mechanism for the fatigue and the single-fibre EMG abnormalities. This muscle membrane defect may be due to the effects of a persistent viral infection.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116426

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to determine if ocular motor disturbances due to brainstem and cerebellar dysfunction provide a frequent and early marker for HIV infection of the brain, neurological examination was performed in 133 HIV-infected persons who were consecutively admitted to our hospital. In 22 patients (17%) we found no other reason for cerebellar or pontomesencephalic signs than HIV encephalopathy. Ocular motor disorders accounted for the most frequent signs of cerebellar and pontomesencephalic dysfunction. Ocular motor disorders mainly consisted of dissociated nystagmus (n = 12), gaze-evoked nystagmus (n = 10) and impaired smooth pursuit (n = 6). Cerebellar ataxic gait and dysmetria were present in 3 patients. Since dissociated nystagmus was the primary ocular motor disorder, we assume that the medial longitudinal fasciculus may be a predilected circumscribed area for HIV infection of the brain. We suppose that cerebellar and pontomesencephalic disorders may be an early marker for HIV encephalopathy because they were the only neurological signs found in 12 patients.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116427

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Blink reflex recovery cycle, before and after acute administration of orphenadrine chlorhydrate, was tested in Meige syndrome. Data here reported show, after the drug, a decrease of the unconditioned polysynaptic responses, without a significant modification of the blink reflex recovery curves. This fact rules out a specific effect of anticholinergic drugs on the pathological reduction of the inhibitory process, at an interneuronal level of these polysynaptic pathways, in Meige syndrome.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116428

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording to lower-limb stimulation was performed on a patient to monitor surgery for scoliosis. Intraoperatively, the patient developed acute and irreversible hemorrhagic hypotension. Cortical SEPs were clearly present with systolic blood pressures in the low 50s and upper 40s (mm Hg). The potentials deteriorated significantly with systolic pressures in the low 40s and disappeared with further reduction in systemic blood pressures.

ISSN:0014-3022    

DOI:10.1159/000116429

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger