ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132222

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132223

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The design and development of new augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems and techniques must often include a focus on the presentation, selection, and processing of language items. We define this as the language interface and argue that researchers must take into account the broad base of knowledge available from the fields of human factors and human–computer interaction in the design process. This article will present an overview of these fields and discuss design principles that are relevant to AAC language interfaces. These principles will be discussed with respect to a number of currently available techniques. In addition, design case studies will be presented on some techniques currently under investigation. Finally, issues related to evaluation will be discussed.

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132224

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many individuals use computer-based assistive devices as alternatives for the fluent, automatic skills of speech, writing, and touch-typing. This paper proposes that controlling an alternative access technique should become as automatic as touch-typing or speech. The process of acquiring a cognitive-motor skill is discussed. Prerequisites to skill acquisition and impediments to motor automaticity are outlined. Factors that promote or impede skilled control of alternative computer access systems at each stage of the design, assessment, prescription, training, and evaluation process are reviewed. Several case examples are used to illustrate relevant issues.

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132225

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examines how the cognitive and perceptual loads introduced by a word prediction feature impact learning and performance. Two groups of able-bodied subjects transcribed text using two row–column scanning systems for 10 consecutive trials each. The two systems differed only in that one system had a word prediction feature. Subject groups differed in their order of system use. The results show that, under the conditions of this study, the word prediction system was not substantially more difficult to learn, but it did not yield a statistically significant improvement in text generation rate. This suggests that the cost of using this word prediction system balanced the benefit of the keystroke savings achieved by these subjects. The relationship between keystroke savings, cost in item selection rate, and improvement in text generation rate is explored in order to provide insight into this outcome.

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132226

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper discusses several methods of estimating task difficulty of onscreen object movement tasks for three subject groups using five standard computer input devices (touchscreen, mouse, keyboard, trackball, and locking trackball). The subject groups are as follows: 19 computer-experienced adults, 39 normally developing children, and 15 children with mental retardation. Three separate measurements of cognitive load (mastery, speed, and user characteristics) are reported between user groups to compare conclusions about input device difficulty across different measurement techniques. Results indicate that speed measurements tend to emphasize similarity in device efficiency for skilled users, but that mastery measurements are essential to represent device effectiveness, particularly for unskilled users. Cognitive as well as physical user characteristics were associated with the successful acquisition of device control skills with training. Because each of the measurements used separately result in different conclusions about cognitive load, a combination of measurement techniques would be essential to select appropriate computer-based assistive technology.

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132227

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Advances in technology now allow individuals to operate multiple assistive devices through a single, integrated control. A retrospective review of clients at the Center for Applied Rehabilitation Technology (CART) was conducted to determine the factors that support the recommendation of integrated controls. A total of 290 client charts were reviewed; data from 87 clients met the study criteria and were included in the review. For each individual, information was obtained on available access sites, types of assistive technology controlled, and types of input devices used. Meetings were held with CART therapists to determine reasons for recommending specific access configurations for each individual. Twelve reasons falling into four general categories (i.e., performance, functional abilities, subjective, and external) were identified and used to code responses. The findings indicated that integrated controls may be useful in the following cases: 1) when an individual has a single, reliable access site; 2) when the optimum access method for each assistive device is the same; and 3) when the individual prefers integrated control for personal reasons (e.g., aesthetics). Integrated controls may not be appropriate in the following cases: 1) when performance on one or more assistive devices is severely compromised by integrating control; 2) when the individual wishes to operate an assistive device from a position other than from a powered wheelchair; 3) when physical, cognitive, or visual/perceptual limitations preclude integrating; 4) when it is the individual's personal preference to use separate controls; and 5) when external factors such as cost or technical limitations preclude the use of integrated controls.

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132228

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132229

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1040-0435    

DOI:10.1080/10400435.1994.10132230

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor