摘要:

STUDIES IN BIOLOGY, NO. 37. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 3rd Edition.By D.O. Hall&K.K. RaoSTUDIES IN BIOLOGY, NO. 48. PLANTS AND MINERAL SALTS.2nd Edition. By J.F. Sutcliffe&D.A. BakerTHE STUDY OF PLANT STRUCTURE: PRINCIPLES AND SELECTED METHODS.By T.P. O'Brien&M.E. McCutlyADAPTATION OF PLANTS TO WATER AND HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS.Edited by N.C. Turner&P.J. KramerThe Biometry of Plant Growth. By D.R. Causton&J.C. Venus

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1982.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572627

出版商:Blackwell Publishing    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572630

出版商:Blackwell Publishing    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572635

出版商:Blackwell Publishing    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Seedlings ofPhaseolus vulgariswere exposed to solutions containing Cd2+in the range 0 to 1 molm−3. Ethylene formation started following 3 h of exposure to 10−2, 10−1and 1 mol m−3Cd2+, peaked at 18 h and returned to a relatively low rate after 24 h. Cadmium‐induced ethylene formation depended on the formation of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC). Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 0.1 mol m−3) inhibited ACC accumulation and ethylene production during exposure to 0.2 mol m−3Cd2+.Activity of soluble and ionically‐bound peroxidase increased after 18 h of exposure to Cd2+concentrations above 10−3mol m−3due to an increase in activity of cathodic isoperoxidases. Stimulation of soluble and ionically‐bound peroxidase by 0.2 mol m−3Cd2+was reduced in the presence of 0.1 mol m−3AVG.Accumulation of soluble and insoluble (‘ligninlike’) phenolics was found in plants exposed to Cd2+(10−2mol m−3or above) in the presence or absence of AVG. Deposition of insoluble (autofluorescing) material occurred in cell walls around vessels and was associated with reduce

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572648

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of sapwood water content on the conductivity of sapwood to water was measured on stem sections ofPinus contorta.A reduction in relative water content from 100 to 90% caused permeability to fall to about 10% of the saturated value.Pressure–volume curves of branchwood and stem sapwood ofPinus contortaandPicea sitchensishave been analysed to definè the tissue capacitance and the time constant and resistance for water movement between stored water and the functional xylem as functions of tissue water potential. Three phases in water loss were discernible. In the initial phase at high water potentials (>–0.5 MPa), the capacitance was large, the time constant long and the resistance to flow large in comparison with intermediate water potentials (−0.5 to −1.5 MPa). At still lower water potentials (−1.5 to −3.0 MPa), the time constant and resistance declined still further but the capacitance had a tendency to increase again, especially in the stemwood of Sitka spruce. Typical values in the second phase were for the time constant 5 s, for the resistance 4 × 10−13N s m−5and for the capacitance (change in relative water content per unit change in potential) 1×10−11m3Pa−1. These parameters define the availability of stored water and are being used in a dynamic model of wa

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572656

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Leaf expansion of four sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuusL. cvs. Hysun 31, Havasupai, Hopi and Seneca) was monitored continuously in a growth cabinet through the final stages of a drying cycle and then throughout the first 2 days after rewatering in order to study the responses of leaf expansion to water deficits. Comparable plants were also measured throughout a diurnal cycle in a glasshouse.In the cabinet, leaf extension was faster in the dark than in the light, but an extended dark period suppressed leaf extension. At similar leaf water potentials, the rate of leaf extension was greater in the light than in the dark, but as the osmotic potential was lower in the light than in the dark, the relationship between turgor pressure and leaf extension rate was similar in both environments. Throughout the drying and recovery cycles turgor and leaf extension rate was positively correlated: no significant differences among cultivars were observed.In the plants grown and measured in the glasshouse, leaf expansion occurred at lower leaf water potentials in stressed than in unstressed plants, but the relationship between leaf expansion and turgor was similar in both stressed and unstressed plants as a result of a lowering of the osmotic potential in the former. Diurnal turgor maintenance resulting from osmotic adjustment was almost half that occurring during a complete drying cycle. During the day, the leaf expansion rate increased linearly with turgor pressure in all cultivars: the expansion rate per unit turgor pressure was greater in the glasshouse than in the growth cabinet. Nocturnal leaf expansion in the stressed and unstressed plants was not, however, correlated with turgor pressure.

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572672

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The levels of soluble carbohydrates, polyols, betaines and free proline have been determined in different organs of sixteen plants collected on coastal salt marshes. Among the carbohydrates, sucrose, fructose and glucose accumulated at quite high levels. Sucrose is particularly abundant in the monocotsJuncus maritima, Phragmites communisandScirpus maritimus.Maltose is quite abundant inAtriplex hastataand rhamnose inPlantago maritimaroots. High levels of polyols were detected inAster tripolium, Juncus maritimus, Plantago maritimaandPhragmites communis.According to their capacity to accumulate carbohydrates and (or) nitrogenous solutes, halophytic higher plants can be divided into three main groups: (1) species producing high levels of soluble carbohydrates only, (2) species accumulating both carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds, (3) species producing more nitrogenous solutes than soluble carbohydrates. The possible functions of these various organic solutes, including a role in equalizing the relative water potentials of cytoplasm and vacuole and to lower the internal potential, are discussed.

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572682

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Short chain fatty acids inhibit both radicle emergence and root growth in lettuce. The transition from ineffectual to inhibitory levels occurs abruptly. Root growth is more sensitive to lower concentrations than radicle emergence and is invariant with chain length. The effect of short chain alcohols on radicle emergence is similar to that of short chain acids, but their comparatively severe inhibition of root growth varies with chain length. Alkanes of the same chain lengths have no noticeable effect. Respiration is not altered by a representative short chain fatty acid (heptanoic). Lettuce seeds are sensitized to phytochrome‐absorbed light by short chain fatty acids as found by Berrie and co‐work

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572686

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Primary roots of lettuce show no appreciable diminution of sensitivity of SCFA between 24 and 72 h, so it is likely that all actively growing primary roots are susceptible to inhibition by SCFA. While roots do not recover from long exposures to high concentrations of SCFA, partial recovery is seen following exposure to intermediate levels.SCFA inhibit elongation of lettuce and turnip hypocotyls as well as roots. However, higher concentrations are required to produce a given inhibition of hypocotyl. In contrast with the inhibition of roots, inhibition of shoots is markedly dependent on the chain length of the fatty acid. Thus, either access to sites of action or action at the sites differs between shoots and roots of the same seedling plants.

ISSN:0140-7791    

DOI:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572690

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY