摘要:

The design and performance of solar energy systems for many potential applications (industrial/residential heat, electricity generation by solar concentration and photovoltaics) will be critically affected by local insolation conditions. The effects of urban air pollution are considered and reviewed. A study of insolation data for Alhambra, California (9 km south of Pasadena) shows that during a recent second-stage photochemical smog alert (≥0.35 ppm ozone), the direct beam insolation at solar noon was reduced by 40%, and the total global by 15%, from clean air values. Similar effects have been observed in Pasadena and are attributable primarily to air pollution. Effects due to advecting smog have been detected 200 km away in the Mojave Desert. Preliminary performance and economic simulations of solar thermal and photovoltaic power systems indicate increasing non-linear sensitivity of life cycle plant cost to reductions in insolation levels due to pollution.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675776

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The utilisation of wind energy has been practised for many hundred years. Wind energy systems disappeared when fossil fuel was cheap, everywhere available and easy in application. With higher fuel prices and reduced energy resources wind energy becomes interesting again for many applications. In almost all coastal regions where mean annual wind speed exceeds 5 m/s the utilisation of wind energy is promising. The applications range from small size (some kW) water pumping stations at low rotational speed up to large size (several MW) electricity generating wind energy converters at high rotational speed. Well designed systems should be able to achieve 25–30% annual electrical efficiency, which is an excellent value compared to other systems using regenerative energy or fossil energy. This promises that in a few years wind energy systems can be economically interesting. Small systems in the range up to several 10 kW will be ready for the market in the near future, large systems in the MW-size still need considerable experimental effort. In some countries developing programmes have been initiated. The positive outlook of wind energy applications justifies a considerable intensification of these programmes.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675777

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A least-squares method for choosing optimum lumped parameters for modelling the thermal performance of buildings is presented. A realistic passive solar-heated room is modelled with a one-time constant lumped model to better than 10% accuracy. This technique provides a simple method that can be used in the design or evaluation of the thermal performance of buildings such as those using passive solar heating.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675778

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The British flora which is representative of a large area of western Europe consists of approximately 3,500 species from 146 families. This list has been scanned for species suitable for biomass production. A number of families, notably theLeguminosae, Rosaceae and the Salicaceae, contain potentially suitable species which have not hitherto been investigated. Because of the importance of maintaining a self-supporting, and hence a renewable system, woody plants have a particular advantage. Financial considerations may be a constraint on long term investment, and hence short rotation forestry is considered a promising choice for the production of a renewable source of energy.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675779

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Some overall properties of a power system in a northern climate based mainly upon renewable energy are studied.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675780

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675781

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675782

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675783

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675784

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1981.9675775

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor