摘要:

Atria have become popular additions to many building types in recent years. There is a common misconception that they will automatically result in lower energy consumption, but this is not necessarily the case. Only when designed and used in an appropriate way will atria contribute to energy conservation. In this paper the performance of two school buildings, one incorporating a heated atrium, the other an unheated atrium, was studied. Comparisons between their performance were made with respect to thermal comfort, heating costs, overheating and daylighting. While heating the atrium incurred a cost penalty, it resulted in comfortable conditions in the space for a greater proportion of the time in winter, and consequently created a more useful space. In summer months overheating was likely unless an area of opening vents the equivalent of 10% or more of the floor area is provided in the atrium roof.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675278

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Comprehensive software programs to simulate building energy performances in dynamic conditions are available today for professional purposes. In fact their modern releases are characterised by easy management and by the use of common personal computers. But, in spite of their better precision than simplified steady-state methods, many designers and even various standards, continue to prefer traditional simplified procedures.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675279

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sensitivity analysis is carried out to validate model formulation. A modified model has been developed to predict the future energy requirement of coal, oil and electricity considering price, income, technological and environmental factors. The impact and sensitivity of the independent variables on the dependent variable are analysed. The error distribution pattern in the modified model as compared to a conventional time series model indicated the absence of clusters. The residual plot of the modified model showed no distinct pattern of variation. The percentage variation of error in the conventional time series model for coal and oil ranges from −20% to + 20%, while for electricity it ranges from −80% to + 20%. However, in the case of the modified model the percentage variation in error is greatly reduced—for coal it ranges from −0.25% to + 0.15%, for oil −0.6% to + 0.6% and for electricity it ranges from −10% to + 10%. The upper and lower limit consumption levels at 95% confidence is determined. The consumption at varying percentage changes in price and population are analysed. The gap between the modified model predictions at varying percentage changes in price and population over the years from 1990 to 2001 is found to be increasing. This is because of the increasing rate of energy consumption over the years and also the confidence level decreases as the projection is made far into the future.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675280

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An irreversible cycle model is used to investigate the performance of an n-stage combined refrigeration system affected by the irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer and the internal dissipation of the working fluid. Some reasonable parameters are introduced so that the optimal performance of the irreversible combined refrigeration system may be directly derived by an equivalent simplified cycle model. The optimal relation between the coefficient of performance and the specific cooling load of the system is obtained. The optimal combined conditions between two adjacent irreversible cycles in the system, i.e. the optimal ratios of the temperatures of the working fluids in the heat-transfer processes and the optimal distribution of the heat-transfer areas of the heat exchangers in the system, are determined. The results obtained here are general and useful. They may be used to discuss the optimal performance of an arbitrary-stage irreversible and endoreversible combined refrigeration system. Moreover, it is pointed out that the optimal performance of an arbitrary-stage irreversible and endoreversible combined heat pump system may also be derived from the cycle model.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675281

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this communication, an attempt has been made to study the effect of absorptivity, water depth and bottom heat loss coefficient on the evaporative heat transfer coefficient. The variation of hourly and daily yield with basic variable parameters has been studied. Numerical computations have been carried out for a typical day of Delhi climate. On the basis of numerical results, it is observed that the evaporative heat transfer is a strong function of water depth and absorptivity of the basin as expected.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675282

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Finite-time thermodynamics and exergeoeconomics are combined to form a new analysis method called finite-time exergeoeconomics in this paper. The optimal thermal efficiency and profit rate holographic spectrum for the heat engine is derived. The derivation is used to obtain the efficiency bound at maximum profit rate and the optimisation criteria for selecting thermodynamic parameters of the heat engine cycles. The results provide a solid theoretical basis for design and evaluation of practice heat engines.

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675283

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675284

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675285

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675286

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0143-0750    

DOI:10.1080/01430750.1997.9675277

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor