ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659100600239

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sepsis is a frequent complication of central venous catheters, but the diagnosis of catheter sepsis is not always clear‐cut. A variety of culture methods is available to determine catheter‐related septicemia. Each method has advantages and disadvantages for the clinician to consider. This article reviews qualitative, quantitative, and other culture methods applicable to both blood and the device.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659100600243

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Microbial contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions is a preventable cause of infection in patients receiving nutrition support. The components of the parenteral nutrition solutions have variable microbial growth potential. Crystalline amino acid and dextrose solutions are poor growth media for bacteria but may support fungal growth. Lipid emulsions provide an excellent medium for growth of bacteria and fungal species. Total nutrient admixtures will support microbial growth better than standard parenteral nutrition solutions will but less well than will lipid emulsion alone. Control of infection related to contaminated infusate depends on compounding procedure, quality control, appropriate storage, and procedures to prevent in‐use contamination. Guidelines are presented for the preparation and administration of parenteral nutrition infusates that will minimize microbial contamination.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659100600249

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence is accumulating that immunocompromised individuals are at an increased risk of infection from foodborne pathogens including Campylobacter jejuni,Listeriamonocytogenes, Salmonella spp. Normal bacterial flora and contaminants of foods and enteral feeds can also result in nosocomial infection in susceptible individuals. Safe food handling, low‐microbial diets, and measures to reduce bacterial contamination of enteral foods can reduce exposure to potential pathogens in the food supply.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659100600255

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Catheter sepsis rates related to total parenteral nutrition are variable and depend on several patient‐specific factors. These factors include the presence of immunosuppression or critical illness, the use of multiple intravascular catheters, and bacterial translocation. Catheter‐related sepsis may present in the patient as fever, chills, change in mental status, hypotension, and leukocytosis. In patients with suspected catheter‐related infection whose peripheral blood cultures do not grow the same organism as a blood culture drawn from the catheter, a guidewire exchange of the catheter has been shown to be effective. This technique should be considered a surgical procedure. Complications that are associated with guidewire exchange of central venous catheters are catheter malposition, embolism of air or septic thrombi, and cardiac arrhythmias.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/011542659100600265

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600206

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600208

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600209

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600210

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600212

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY