ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006249

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although the nearly 20 essential trace elements in humans constitute a small fraction of total body weight (less than 4%), the effect of their presence on well‐being is enormous. Enteral nutrition, whether oral or by tube, is fraught with problems that influence nutrient absorption, distribution, metabolism, and ultimately, excretion. Parenteral nutrition, although delivered to the intravascular milieu, carries with it no guarantee that the trace mineral will indeed reach the target site for action. With the questionable nature of dietary histories and their unavailability in the setting of relatively emergent nutrition therapy, it behooves the clinician to begin complete nutrition and to include recommended trace elements early on. The clinician must also be ever vigilant about delivering sufficient full‐strength commercially available enteral formula to provide the recommended dietary allowances of trace minerals.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006251

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Weight loss resulting from the hypermetabolic response to burn injury is not unusual and is often unavoidable. The loss of retroperitoneal fat has been postulated as a major factor in the cause of the uncommon complication of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome is frequently treated nonoperatively with aggressive nutrition support. Nasojejunal feeding past the point of obstruction should be considered as the primary method of nutrition support. Alternatively, total parenteral nutrition or a combination of enteral and parenteral feeding may be necessary to meet nutritional needs until the duodenal obstruction resolves. This case study describes the nutrition management of a burn patient who developed superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006264

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A variety of dialysis methods are currently used in the treatment of renal failure. Nutrition support modalities are also frequently used for patients with renal failure who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished. The effects of various dialysis methods on certain micronutrient levels and needs have generally not been extensively studied, however, this article reviews information that has been published regarding carnitine, water soluble vitamin, fat soluble vitamin, and trace element levels during dialysis. Recommendations for provision of micronutrients during dialysis are provided.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006267

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369300800605

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Molybdenum is found in most foods, with legumes, dairy products, and meats being the richest sources. This metal is considered essential because it is part of a complex called molybdenum cofactor that is required for the three mammalian enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sulfite oxidase (SO). XO participates in the metabolism of purines, AO catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes to acids, and SO is involved in the metabolism of sulfur‐containing amino acids. Molybdenum deficiency is not found in free‐living humans, but deficiency is reported in a patient receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition with clinical signs characterized by tachycardia, headache, mental disturbances, and coma. The biochemical abnormalities in this acquired molybdenum deficiency include very low levels of uric acid in serum and urine (low XO activity) and low inorganic sulfate levels in urine (low SO activity). Inborn errors of isolated deficiencies of XO, SO, and molybdenum cofactor are described. Although XO deficiency is relatively benign, patients with isolated deficiencies of SO or molybdenum cofactor exhibit mental retardation, neurologic problems, and ocular lens dislocation. These abnormalities seem to be caused by the toxicity of sulfite and/or inadequate amounts of inorganic sulfate available for the formation of sulfated compounds present in the brain. XO and AO may also participate in the inactivation of some toxic substances, inasmuch as studies suggest that molybdenum deficiency is a factor in the higher incidence of esophageal cancer in populations consuming food grown in molybdenum‐poor soil.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006277

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426593008006282

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369300800608

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369300800610

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY