ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005171

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005173

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Conducting nutrition research projects does not require a large, well‐funded laboratory and a team of assistants. The main requirement is an inquisitive, creative, and critical mind face to face with an unsolved problem. Nevertheless, the actual process of getting started in clinical nutrition research can present obstacles for the novice clinician that can impede successful implementation and completion of the project. This article reviews the initial steps involved in generating a hypothesis, study design, and preliminary data analysis.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005175

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Total parenteral nutrition for pregnant patients is essential to maintain or restore optimal nutritional status for both the mother and fetus when adequate protein and caloric intake by the oral or enteral route is not feasible. This report reviews the safety of intravenous lipid emulsions in total parenteral nutrition programs for pregnant patients. Controversy regarding the adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion when administered to pregnant patients is based on early reports of the use of cottonseed oil lipid emulsions. The adverse effects reported included infarction of the placenta, ketonemia, increased myometrial activity, and induction of labor. In 32 subsequent case reports in which soybean oil‐ or soybean/safflower oil‐based emulsions were used in total parenteral nutrition programs for pregnant patients, there was no relationship apparent between onset of labor and harmful maternal or fetal effects associated with the administration of lipid emulsion. It appears that the currently available soybean and soybean/safflower lipid‐based emulsions can be safely administered to pregnant patients.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005189

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A female black rhinoceros calf developed significant hypoglycemia (blood glucose, 30 mg/dL) and hypothermia (97°F) within 48 hours of birth and refused to nurse. Normal gestation of the black rhinoceros is 15 months, but elongated hoof slippers and low birth weight (30 kg) suggested prematurity in this calf. Clinical symptoms of neonatal sepsis including lassitude and poor sucking continued in spite of the aggressive use of antibiotics, and the calf required mechanical ventilatory support on day 7. Nutritional support including enteral gavage feedings (Pedialyte/4 ounces of SMA [Wyeth Ayerst] with sucraflox) had been instituted and was supplemented with total parenteral nutrition on day 5. Central venous access was obtained via a jugular cutdown. The total parenteral nutrition included appropriate electrolytes and vitamins for the neonatal calf but did not include trace elements. The use of total parenteral nutrition by our zoos for therapeutic purposes is increasing. Experience with total parenteral nutrition in exotic animals such as the black rhinoceros is limited, yet this may be an important therapeutic modality in these animals, particularly those in danger of extinction.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005193

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600506

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinically significant medication‐nutrient interactions are of concern to the nutritional support practitioner. To emphasize the possible effect of the aluminum‐containing medication sucralfate on serum phosphorus levels, patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a small private hospital were monitored for a 4‐week period. Sixteen patients demonstrated low serum phosphorus levels; eight (50%) of these were receiving sucralfate. Eighteen patients had no low phosphorus levels measured; five (28%) patients in this group were receiving sucralfate. The hypophosphatemia observed in these patients was probably multifactorial; respiratory alkalosis and dextrose feeding as well as sucralfate use are consistent with hypophosphatemia.

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/0115426591006005199

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0884-5336    

DOI:10.1177/088453369100600509

出版商:Sage Publications    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY