摘要:

Several studies have suggested that chronically ill adults who receive overprotective care are more depressed and less motivated in rehabilitation therapy. However, for this area of research to proceed, a standard definition and measurement of perceptions of overprotection are needed. In the present study, long and short forms of a scale (the OPSA) to assess perceptions of being overprotected in chronically ill adults were developed. The scale's psychometric properties were tested with a sample of 161 community‐dwelling older adults. It was found to have good internal reliability, to correlate highly with an established retrospective measure of overprotection in adults, and to be distinct from ratings of quantity and quality of social support. As expected, overprotection was associated with poorer adjustment: Respondents who felt overprotected were more depresse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schoorman, Bobko, and Rentsch (1991) reanalyzed previously published data (Schoorman, 1988) and claimed that, in contrast to the original analysis, the data supported Schoorman's negative escalation hypothesis. We contend that this reanalysis was conceptually and technically flawed, and that Schoorman's original analysis yielded the correct (negative) conclusion. Schoorman et al. also discussed a variety of alternatives for conducting a factorial analysis of variance with unequal cell sizes, demonstrating that different procedures can lead to different statistical conclusions. However, their discussion is misleading and overlooks recent literature that has removed much of the mystery from the unequal‐nproblem. We offer a brief review of the fundamental problems, and their solutions, in analysis of variance with unequaln

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present study is to assess the internal consistency and construct validity of three instruments measuring the use of influence tactics. Instruments by Frost and Stahelski (1988) and Hinkin and Schriesheim (1989) had been developed to be psychometrically sound measures of the French and Raven (1959) bases of power. Kipnis and Schmidt (1982a) developed a new typology to measure organizational influence, the Profile of Organizational Influence Strategies (POIS). Four hundred seventy‐nine undergraduate students completed these instruments to describe the influence tactics used by their supervisor. Results indicated that the Hinkin and Schriesheim instrument has greater internal consistency and a more precisely defined factor structure than the Frost and Stahelski instrument. The corresponding scales of the two instruments measuring the French and Raven power bases are not highly correlated, suggesting that the two instruments are not equivalent. Furthermore, the pattern of correlations between scales of the three instruments suggests that neither the French and Raven not the POIS typology fully represents the structure of influence tactic

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Strategic consensus within management teams is thought to affect company performance because of its effects on the quality of team decision‐making (Bourgeois, 1985, p. 571). Past research dealing with the relationship between consensus and company performance, however, has not specifically examined the effects of consensus on decision‐making. The debate on the effects of strategic consensus parallels a debate on the effects of consensus‐based and conflict‐based decision aids (Schweiger&Finger, 1984; Schweiger, Sandberg,&Ragan, 1986; Schwenk, 1988). The experiment described in this paper is the first which deals with the effects of group consensusandconflict‐based decision aids on group decision‐making. The results showed that high‐consensus groups generally had higher performance, suggesting that consensusimprovesgroup decision‐making. Further, groups given the decision technique of devil's advocacy had higher levels of critical evaluation in decision‐making but less desire to work with each other in the future, suggesting that devil's advocacy has mixed effects on decision‐making groups. An interaction effect showed that devil's advocacy increased the commitment of high‐consensus group members to the decisions their groups had reached but did not have a similar effect on low‐consensus groups. This result demonstrates the importance of examining both consensus and decision aids simultaneously. The implications of the results for the interpretation of past research on consensus and on conflict‐based decision aids are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was concerned with investigating the nature of assessment center exercises. Bem and Funder's (1978) technique of classifying and comparing situations in behavioral terms was applied to the measurement of exercises in an assessment center with ratings reflecting exercise factors. Six assessors created templates for each of the four exercises. Intercorrelations between the mean template ratings suggested that the exercises were not viewed as similar situations. Moreover, some relationship was found between exercise similarity and performance consistency. It is proposed that these differences in exercise content may be responsible for the inability to find cross‐situational consistencies in candidate behavior in a typical assessment center. Practical implications and extensions of this study are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social identity theory, the contact hypothesis, and prejudice research are three important perspectives for studying ingroup information and preferences in the context of ethnic groups. This paper studies the utility of the three perspectives in a particular interethnic group context among 160 Dutch subjects between 12 and 15 years of age. The results show that the evaluation of ethnic identity and rate of cross‐ethnic contact are strongly correlated with ingroup formation and preference. Prejudicial attitudes seem to be dependent on contact and especially on the evaluation of ethnic identity. Prejudice seems to be a function of positive identification with the Dutch as a group. Applied implications for ethnic‐group relations are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY