摘要:

The social response to mentally disordered individuals has been assessed by exposing them in many different guises, ranging from giving subjects a written description to having them meet a mentally disordered person. The present study sought to determine if such differences affect the responses obtained. Independent groups of female students responded either to a mentally disordered or to a control woman presented at one of 5 levels of abstractness/concreteness. They rated the social acceptability and the expected degree of accomplishments of the target person. The mentally disordered person was described as less socially acceptable than the control at each of the 5 levels, but the psychiatric history did not affect expectations of how much she would accomplish. Level of abstractness/concreteness significantly influenced expectations of accomplishments at school and on the job. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the results of 2 studies that examine the perceptions of individuals attempting to generate random sequences. It was hypothesized that erroneous perceptions dominate probability judgment. The first study demonstrated that subjects verbalized significantly more erroneous than accurate perceptions when generating sequences of random binary events. The second study was designed both to replicate these data and to assess the role of motivation on the frequency of misconceptions. Results showed that the total number of erroneous perceptions again outnumbered accurate perceptions but, motivation did not increase the number of misconceptions. A basic error concerned subjects' inability to consider events as being independent of each other. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed in relation to the psychology of gambling.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fishbein's (1967, 1980) theory of reasoned action was used to test the relative importance of attitudes and subjective norms in predicting undergraduate students' intentions to perform 3 different types of social drinking actions: avoiding drinking, drinking enough to get a slight buzz, and drinking enough to get drunk. A multiple regression paradigm was used to determine the relative effectiveness of attitudes and subjective norms in predicting intentions to perform each of the 3 drinking behaviors. Although attitudes were consistently found to be better predictors of intentions than were subjective norms, the strength of the attitude‐intention relation varied widely across the 3 actions. In particular, the attitude‐intention correlation was strongest for “drinking enough to get drunk.” Findings also suggest that subjective norms, previous behavior, and perceived behavioral control are not important variables for predicting this b

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the last 2 decades, the number of women entering the managerial field has increased. However, this increase has not been equally distributed at all levels. The interest of this study lies in understanding how this sudden surge of women in managerial fields and their unequal distribution across levels are associated with men's reactions toward women. Do men feel threatened by the introduction of women as their coworkers, and if so does this change trigger prejudicial views of women? In all, 123 male managers employed in a Canadian federal agency participated in this study. According to the final path model, as the estimate of the representation of female managers increases, so does male managers' feeling of threat. Feeling threatened along with the estimate of an increase of new female recruits is linked to heightened neosexist views. In turn, neosexism is related to a pro‐male bias in the evaluation of women's and men's competence. Additionally, neosexism is negatively associated with men's willingness to support women. Theoretical as well as practical implications of results are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Right‐wing authoritarianism, stereotypes about illegal immigrants relative to legal immigrants (and nonimmigrants), and collective self‐esteem were investigated as predictors of attitude toward California's Proposition 187—the 1994 initiative making illegal immigrants ineligible for public services. Among both Latinos (n= 92) and Caucasians (n= 79), right‐wing authoritarianism and negative stereotypes about illegal immigrants predicted Proposition 187 support and reported vote. For Latinos, low collective self‐esteem and high levels of acculturation predicted support and vote in favor of Proposition 187. In contrast, high collective self‐esteem among Caucasians was related to Proposition 187 support and vote. The results suggest that 3 perspectives on prejudice—personality, cognitive, and cultural—contribute to the understanding of attitudinal and behavioral support of

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY