摘要:

We studied the effects of missile stress, appraised before the 1991 Gulf War, and help‐seeking behavior employed during it on affective reactions to the war. These reactions included the negative strains of anxiety and helplessness and the positive affect of improved self‐competence. Respondents were 257 civilians, all residents of metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel, the area targeted by most of the Iraqi missile attacks. Data were gathered by telephone interviews conducted with the respondents about a month before the war and again about 2 weeks after the war's end. As predicted, missile stress and help‐seeking behavior were both positively correlated with anxiety and helplessness. It was found, as predicted, that for those who engaged in intensive help‐seeking behavior, the negative effects of missile stress on improved self‐competence were more p

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a policy capturing approach, we examined the importance that observers placed on 7 different factors when evaluating workplace romances. Nearly half the explained variation in observers' evaluations of workplace romances was accounted for by participants' marital status. Participants' organizational status relative to one another was also important in explaining the variation. A series of nomothetic analyses indicated that workplace romance participants' marital status, academic status, motive for entry into the relationship, and job performance affected observers' evaluations of these relationships. Observers' level of prior involvement in a workplace romance was also significantly related to a number of variables. Results suggest that when evaluating workplace romances, observers place the greatest importance on the personal characteristics of participants. Ramifications for policy formation are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To examine the influence of gender, having been the target of sexual harassment, and ethnicity on jury decisions, 215 respondents reviewed 17 sexual harassment cases ranging on a continuum from relatively innocent to severe. Respondents indicated their perception of the offensiveness of the cases as well as whether they would vote for the plaintiff or for the defendant. Jurors voting for the plaintiff also indicated whether monetary damages should be awarded. Results of the study indicate that gender and prior experience with sexual harassment affect the outcomes in sexual harassment cases when behaviors can be classified as ambiguous. Results were mixed for the influence of gender and having been sexually harassed for relatively innocent and severe cases. No ethnicity effects were found. A discussion of the legal implications of these findings is included.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was based upon self‐efficacy (SE) theory (Bandura, 1986). Its purpose was to examine whether incentives, defined as the product of outcome expectancy and outcome value, would help to predict the behavioral intentions of novice exercisers when coupled with SE expectations for a specific form of exercise. Fifty‐ three volunteers who were novices at weight training for exercise, participated in a 2‐day learn‐to‐weight‐train clinic offered at a university. They completed pre‐ and postclinic measures of SE for weight training, expectancy‐value ratings of outcomes primary and secondary to 1 month's weight‐training participation, and a strength‐ of‐intention measure of multiple actions consequent to clinic participation. Results indicated that primary physical health outcomes expected of postclinic participation independently predicted the variability in pre‐ and postclinic future intentions beyond the variance predicted by SE. Further, incentives and SE clearly discriminated between individuals extreme in the strength of their intentions at pre‐ and postclinic. Discussion concerns the inclusion of measures of incentive in studies using self‐efficacy theory in order to examine individuals who begin exercise and then move through various decision stages about exercise adoption and maintenance. Rather than merely assuming the influence of incentives necessary and sufficient to encourage a cognitive or behavioral impact of efficacy, arguments are made for actively examining incentive as manifested t

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the importance of expectancy‐based job cognitions and job affect (the affective component of job satisfaction) in helping to account for “organizational citizenship behaviors” (OCBs; Organ, 1988). Data pertaining to the expectancy‐based job cognitions (i.e., expectancies, instrumentalities, valences), job affect, and OCB performance of 65 state finance agency employees were examined. We anticipated that the effect of expectancy‐based job cognitions on OCB would be partially mediated by affect‐based job satisfaction. This expectation was confirmed in that, after controlling for negative and positive affectivity, generalized instrumentality beliefs were found to affect OCB‐altruism directly, as well as indirectly through the influence of affect‐based j

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Does the belief in equality correlate significantly with democratic leadership intentions? The belief in equality is defined as a set of assumptions that human ability and potential are widely distributed rather than being concentrated in the most highly educated. A reliable and valid inventory was developed to measure the belief in equality (BE). Two separate samples were studied—one of college students (N= 201) and the other composed of blue‐ and white‐collar workers (N= 192). High BE participants exhibited higher democratic leadership intentions than did low BE participants on 6 paper‐and‐pencil leadership tasks (p<.0001). The equality construct was found to be relatively independent of authori

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY