摘要:

Undergraduate students(N =207) completed 3 individual difference measures and then evaluated 3 instructors based on scripts depicting interactions between the instructors and students. The first 2 scripts established a context and the third script served as the target stimulus. Comparison ratings were provided by a random context control condition. Contrast effects occurred in ratings of the average target stimulus, and the negative context had a larger impact than did the positive context. Both of these context effects were moderated by the rater's belief in the variability of human nature, but not by the rater's cognitive ability or field independence. Contrast effects also occurred in ratings of the positive target stimulus but not in ratings of the negative target stimulus, and in neither case was the context effect moderated by any of the individual difference variables.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Waiting duration information (i.e., how long customers are expected to wait) is commonly provided by service organizations as a means to reduce customers' dissatisfaction with waiting. Results obtained from an experimental study indicate that the information has no effect on perceived waiting duration (how long subjects believe they have waited). On the other hand, with the information, subjects appear to maintain a sense of control during the wait, which in turn affects service quality judgment directly or indirectly through acceptability of perceived waiting duration.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies considered the way in which the magnitude of exposure to television relates to children's understanding and interpretation of others' nonverbal behavior. In the first study, 6th graders made judgments regarding other children whose nonverbal facial behavior did not match their internal emotional state. Results showed that heavier television viewers held a less differentiated, more simplistic view of the consequences of nonverbal self‐presentation strategies. In the second study, children in Grades 2 through 6 made judgments of others' nonverbal expressions of emotion. As predicted, heavier television viewers were better at decoding others' nonverbal expressions than lighter viewers, presumably because of their greater exposure to nonverbal displays of emotion on television. In addition, nonverbal decoding skills improved with ag

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 763 nonpregnant, heterosexual, sexually active women residing in an HIV‐endemic area participated in a study to assess psychological predictors of HIV‐antibody testing. In this sample, 464 women said that they might or would be tested that day, although only 56 did so. We examine salient beliefs that influenced testing decisions. In contrast to other studies, which have focused on predictors of behavioral intentions at only one point in time, the current study accounts for the fact that different concerns become salient to women at different stages of the counseling and testing process. Prior to counseling, women were deterred from testing because they feared the anxiety of waiting for their test results. This suggests that efforts aimed at same‐day testing may be beneficial for increasing rates of test taking. After counseling and immediately preceding testing, women tended to follow through on their intentions if they believed that testing would better enable them to plan a pregnancy, and if they believed that it would not be too late for treatment. The implications of these findings for the counseling and testing process are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little empirical research has tested the traditional assumption that contraceptive behavior in the U.S. lies principally within the wife's sphere of influence. We use a decision‐making framework and data collected from 401 married couples to examine the relative influence of husbands and wives over the decisions to discontinue a current contraceptive method and then to select a new one and the decisions that govern regularity of use of an already chosen method. We focus on the specific methods of oral contraception, a diaphragm, and condoms, examining their similarities and differences according to the gender of the user. The results indicate that spouse influence varies according to the type of contraceptive decision being made and the specific method of contraception being used or chose

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY