摘要:

The role of interpersonal relationships in mediating the experience of crowding and loss of personal control was investigated in dormitory environments housing two or three students in bedroom units. A combination of survey, observational, and laboratory techniques was used to explore the formation of 2‐person coalitions in tripled housing and subsequent problems created for the third, “left‐out” roommate. Data strongly suggested that the aversiveness and loss of control previously associated with tripled residential settings may be more plausibly attributed to the inherent instability of 3‐person groups and the loss of control associated with being excluded from group activities. In most of the tripled rooms studied, 2‐person coalitions formed and most of the crowding and negative affect reported were expressed by the third roommate, who felt left out by the others. Residents of doubled rooms and members of coalitions in tripled rooms did not differ from one another on most

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the effects of bodily contact in a crowded environment. Initially, the skin conductance levels (SCL) of 160 males and females were obtained during rest and while bursting a balloon. In a subsequent session, subjects in same‐sex groups of four were seated for 30 minutes in either (a) a large room, (b) a small room subjected to unavoidable bodily contact, or (c) a small room which was partitioned to either reduce or prevent bodily contact while allowing visual access. Measures of mood, tolerance for frustration, cognitive task performance, and self reports of annoyance and somatic distress were then taken. Results showed that crowding is stressful and that bodily contact makes a significant contribution to the amount of stress experienced for both men and women. In general, crowded subjects forced to touch showed the greatest increases in SCL, felt most annoyed, were most bothered by spatial intrusion during crowding, and had the lowest tolerance for frustration following crowding. Sex differences in mood following crowding and in reaction to the noncrowded environment were observed and appeared to be mediated by differential social concern

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A questionnaire was administered to 47 participants attending a workshop on nuclear energy shortly after publication of a report on a proposed nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. Supporters and opponents of the proposed development differed markedly in their estimates of its possible consequences, and of the relative importance of these consequences. They also differed in their endorsement of pro‐ and anti‐nuclear lobbies, and the factors which they felt contributed most to the “quality of life”. Overall, pro‐nuclear subjects appear to place emphasis on the economic benefits of nuclear energy, while anti‐nuclear subjects appearad more concerned with social and political risks, and regraded alternative energy sources as more viable. It is concluded that an analysis of such attitudinal differences requires a consideration not only of differences in beliefs, but also of differences in beli

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the use of oral contraceptives in a sample of sexually active college women. The analytic approach employed was based on Fishbein's model for the prediction of behavior, which emphasizes perceived consequences and normative influences. It was found that each of these factors was significantly related to use of oral contraception, and that a stronger relationship was obtained when both components were combined. Results suggested that nonusers are more Likely to associate oral contraception with unhealthful consequences than are users, and that users believe employment of this method enhances their sexual satisfaction. It was also suggested that the opinions of these young women's partners and close friends, but not of their parents, are reflected in respondents' use of the pill. These results were compared with earlier findings on the correlates of intentions to use oral contraceptives, and applied implications were discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data are reported for a laboratory experiment which examines both the impact of information about remote social events on judgments of defendants' guilt or innocence in two court cases and the roles of cognitive and affective elements in mediating these judgments. Subjects were exposed to one of four pretested news bulletins which covaried cognitive factors (positive or negative social information) and affective ones (positive or negative mood stimuli). In accord with previous findings, the results indicate that social information and the changes in social outlook that it caused were of primary importance in altering subjects' judgments about defendants. Subjects who heard positive social information in radio newscasts were more lenient in their judgments of defendants than were those who heard negative social information. Additional findings pertaining to the mediators of this effect suggest that positive mood amplified the impact of social information whatever its direction, while negative mood attenuated it.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two behavioral prediction models were compared. The behavior used was church attendance, and the models used were those proposed by Triandis (1977) and Fishbein (Fishbein&Ajzen, 1975). The results indicated that both models were effective in the prediction of intention and behavior. However, while Triandis' model accounted for a greater percent of the variance in the prediction of intention, Fishbein's model did better in predicting behavior.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The applicability of the door‐in‐the‐face technique was tested in a monetary donation context where established behavioral standards exist, and where the target person has standards by which to judge the legitimacy of the solicitor's demand. Based on the proposition that exaggerated initial requests might discredit the solicitor and thereby halt the give‐and‐take process, it was expected that (a) with legitimate initial requests, the probability of compliance with a request would be greater when preceded by a larger request than if presented alone; and that (b) with illegitimate initial requests, the probability of compliance with a second request would be smaller when preceded by a larger request than if presented alone. On the national collection day for the Association for the Rehabilitation of the Mentally Handicapped, 400 subjects were asked to contribute IL 10, 15, or 20. In the experimental groups, these amounts were preceded with requests for larger sums which were judged previously by a pretest to be considered legitimate or illegitimate. In the control groups, subjects were asked to contribute the same amounts, but no larger amounts were first requested. The replicability of the door‐in‐the‐face technique has been proven with requests for which established customs exist. However, the technique was only effective with legitimate initial requests. With initial requests that were previously judged as unreasonable, the technique had a “boomerang effect” and su

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1979.tb00817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY