摘要:

Employees (N= 121) participated in this study of aggressive work behavior. Employees completed a performance‐based test of self‐control. Aggressive work behavior data were then collected over a 4‐year period. Self‐control was related to client directed physically aggressive and nonclient‐directed aggressive behavior. Findings of this study provide evidence on the usefulness of self‐control in understanding aggressive wo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four experiments assessed the blame assigned to the two persons involved in a rape or an auto accident. After reading a description of one of the events, participants were asked to generate different types of counterfactuals in 2 of the studies, and in the other 2 they viewed a videotape of an attorney who suggested to them a specific counterfactual. In the rape context, when changes to the victim's behavior produced a new outcome, blame to the victim was highest and rapist blame was lowest. Counterfactuals where changes in the victim's behaviors did not undo the event resulted in the highest assailant blame and the least victim blame. When the event was an auto accident, blame increased for whichever driver's actions were mentally undone. How attorneys can increase or decrease the blame assigned to their clients depending on the type of counterfactual that they present is discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study investigated the effect of adding a recommendation to use condoms to fear‐arousing AIDS public service announcements (PSAs) on subjects’ intentions to use condoms and taking of free condoms. Sexual content of the AIDS PSA and subject gender were also varied. A sample of 112 men and 107 women rated the effectiveness of 1 of 8 fear‐arousing AIDS PSAs. Four PSAs ended with a message to “Use condoms to reduce the risk. For more information call_____.” An identical set of PSAs ended with only the telephone number for more information. Results showed that the recommendation had no effect on intentions to use condoms. However, men exposed to a fear‐arousing PSA with the recommendation took significantly more condoms than men in the no‐recommendation condition. Men also took significantly more condoms than women in the recommendation condition. The results are interpreted in terms of the AIDS risk reduction model (Catania, Kegeles,&

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of goal‐setting processes was developed that depicted the influence of previous performance, assigned goals, and self‐efficacy on personal goals and performance. Three levels of assigned goals were manipulated in a counterbalanced fashion across two performance trials. Assigned goals were hypothesized to have a greater influence than self‐efficacy on personal goals for the first trial, whereas efficacy was hypothesized to have a stronger influence than assigned goals on Trial 2 goals. Although the hypothesized model fit fairly well overall, the specific results concerning the relative impact of assigned goal and self‐efficacy were not supported. In general, the observed trends indicated the effects were theoppositeof what was expected. Potential explanations for these results and recommendations for future research are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tests the hypothesis that ethnic groups have consensus about the relative position of ethnic out‐groups in society. A survey among ethnic majority and minority youth in the city of Rotterdam indicated that: (a) each ethnic group preferred the in‐group, (b) there was consensus on an ethnic hierarchy within ethnic groups, and (c) ethnic groups largely agreed on the ethnic rank order. Among the Dutch respondents, the ethnic hierarchy was found to be related to real cultural differences. The scheme of ethnic preferences corresponded inversely to the rank ordering of the ethnic groups in terms of collectivism. Among ethnic minority youth the rank ordering did not correspond to cultural differences but to existing socioeconomic status differen

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY