摘要:

Procedural justice theorists Thibaut and Walker (1978) asserted that the Anglo‐American adversary process is the most ideal for resolving disputes involving high conflict of interest. Sheppard (1985) asserted that this claim may be premature and argued for the investigation of more complex litigation models in procedural justice research. This survey study examined the procedural justice attributes of five litigation procedures for resolving medical malpractice claims. Three groups of subjects (psychology undergraduates,N= 87; first‐year law students,N= 88; and jury venire persons,N= 65) read written descriptions of the Anglo‐American adversary model, the inquisitorial model, and three hybrid procedures that combine some features of these two basic models. Subjects then rated each model on six procedural justice attributes. Analyses focused on ratings of the adversary model as compared to the three hybrid models. Results indicated that the adversary model was consistently rated higher than the hybrid models on only one procedural justice measure, voice. On the remaining procedural justice measures, the hybrid models were comparable to, and frequently rated higher than, the adversary model. The results are supportive of Sheppard's plea that researchers investigate more complex procedural models, and the findings are considered in light of Lind and Tyler's (1988) plea for the development of hybrid procedures that may optimize both subjective and objective procedural justice out

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies examined the consequences of turnover, by investigating factors affecting the job satisfaction of people who remain (i. e., stayers) in response to a coworker (i. e., leaver) who departed for a better job. Consistent with Tesser and Campbell's (1983) self‐esteem maintenance model, three factors were found to influence the job satisfaction level of stayers: (a) the extent to which they compared their job situation to the leaver's new one, which was negatively related to stayers’ level of satisfaction, (b) the relevance of the leaver to the stayer for social comparison purposes, which was negatively related to the stayers’ level of satisfaction, and (c) the stayers’ trait self‐esteem, which was positively related to the stayers’ level of job satisfaction. Theoretical implications, limitations, and future research directions ar

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined how young heterosexuals’ beliefs about the power of condom use to destroy their romantic ideals and to lead to negative implications affected both their intentions and their actual behavior of using and discussing the use of condoms with sexual partners. The extra predictive power gained from considering these beliefs, in addition to subjects’ beliefs concerning whether condoms reduced their risk of contracting HIV, was examined within the context of Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory of reasoned action. One‐hundred‐and‐two sexually active heterosexual students participated in the study. At the first wave of data collection, beliefs concerning the potential of condoms to reduce risk, to destroy romance, and to lead to negative implications were assessed, as were norms and intentions. Measures of actual behavior were obtained three months later for both regular and casual/new partners. The results of the study indicated that norms and beliefs concerning the risk‐reduction effects of condom use were the primary predictors of intentions to use condoms. Subjects’ beliefs concerning whether condoms destroyed their romantic ideals or led to negative implications did not influence their intentions with casual/new partners, although emotional concerns played a minor role in determining intentions with regular partners. In contrast, these emotional concerns had a major impact in determining actual behavior for all partner types. Although intentions partially predicted behavior, beliefs about reducing risk, destroying romance and fear of negative implications had strong and direct influences on behavior, especially in the case of casual/new partners. Additional analyses revealed gender differences in the determinants of behavior. Females, in contrast to males, were less able to act in accord with their attitudes about using condoms to reduce their risk of contracting HIV, and were also less able to act in conformity with their subjective norms with less well‐known partners. Although both males and females were similarly affected by more emotional concerns with new and/or casual partners, gender differences occurred in how these emotional factors affected behavior with regular partners. Implications of the finding that behavior is determined to a large extent by more emotional concerns that are not factored in ahead of time when formulating inten

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study is described that investigated the influence of a target group's communication network on information diffusion and the impact of a community‐based information program. It was expected that the process of information diffusion would be related to the quantity of ties. The diffusion of information broughtintoa clique by external sources that did not belong to any of the target group's cliques was expected to be related to the existing number ofweakties, whereas the diffusion of specific information sent out by internal sourceswithina clique was expected to be primarily related to the number ofstrongties. Furthermore it was expected that the impact of the program would be related to the perceived quality of network ties. Results support the hypotheses and confirm Granovetter's “strength‐of‐weak‐ties” hypothesis. In addition, existing direct ties between the internal sources of information and the target group appeared to have played a crucial role in the process of informatio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY