摘要:

This research examines economic inflation as a “psychological stressor.” Economic behavior in response to inflation is hypothesized to be a function of subjective cognitive appraisal of threat as well as objective economic indices such as actual income. A survey of 504 American college alumni compared the contribution of perceived threat and family income to self‐reported changes in buying practices and leisure activities. These changes, as well as the reported degree of stress experienced, were better accounted for by perceived threat than by actual income. Further, threat and income did not interact in affecting economic behavior. Finally, none of the demographic and economic variables differentiated between groups of more versus less threatened individuals. A replication study was conducted on a sample of 112 Israeli college alumni. The rate of inflation in Israel is 10 times higher than the American rate, but income is protected by continuous indexing. The findings for the Israeli sample replicated with a high degree of accuracy the American findings, thereby providing unique cross‐cultural validity to the conception of economic inflation as a psychological s

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has shown that people are slower to offer help in an emergency when there are other bystanders present than when there are not. It was proposed that exposing subjects to information about treatment of medical emergencies (i.e., experimentally‐induced competence) would decrease this effect. Female college students either did or did not watch a series of public‐service films on medical emergencies under the pretext of evaluating the films' relative effectiveness. Three weeks later, subjects participated in an experiment in which an ostensible co‐subject experienced a choking fit and then fell silent. Subjects who had not viewed the films were slower to respond if they believed themselves to be in 6‐member groups than if they believed themselves to be in 2‐member groups. In contrast, subjects whohadviewed the films responded quickly regardless of perceived group size. High competent subjects also responded more quickly than low competent subjects in a condition where another co‐subject gave evidence of being high in competence. Results from a 6‐week follow‐up group indicated, however, that the induced competence was not permanent. Discussion centers on the theoretical implications

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sex role formulations assume relationships between role orientation and adjustive social behavior. However, few studies have examined behavioral differences with respect to both gender and sex role orientation in realistically complex social interactions. In the current study, groups composed of four male and four female “representatives” from each sex role category (masculine‐typed, feminine‐typed, androgynous, and undifferentiated) were presented with two group decision‐making tasks. Group interactions were videotaped and subjects' behavior was rated on social skill variables. Analyses of variance revealed gender differences with males performing more actively than females, especially when the content of the decision‐making task involved more historically male‐oriented topics. However, when subjects' group behavior was examined in relation to their sexroleorientation, androgynous and masculine‐typed persons of both sexes performed in a more active, instrumental manner than feminine‐typed or undifferentiated persons. Further, correlational analyses indicated that females' masculinity scores were substantially associated with ratings of effectiveness in the decision‐making groups. Implications of these fin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective design was employed to study the ability of various factors to predict return compliance in a tuberculosis detection drive. Five hundred fiftythree participants in the drive were asked to complete a questionnaire tapping their views of TB (based on the Health Belief Model) and their intentions to return for the recommended skin test reading. Behavioral intention was found to be an important predictor of return rates, and the inclusion of the HBM variables aided in the classification noncompliers. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The personal space afforded to a disfigured or nondisfigured confederate by 450 pedestrians in a busy street was measured. In Condition 1, the confederate had a birthmark under the right eye (permanent disfigurement). In Condition 2, this was replaced by trauma scarring and bruising (temporary disfigurement). In the third condition, the confederate was “normal” (i.e., no disfigurement). It was found that subjects stood further away from the confederate in the disfigured conditions than in the no disfigurement condition. More specifically, pedestrians arriving first in each trial stood an average distance of 100 cms from the confederate in the birthmark condition, 78 cms in the trauma condition, and 56 cms when the confederate was not disfigured. In addition, subjects chose significantly more often to stand to the left (nondisfigured) side of the confederate in the birthmark and trauma conditions than they did in the normal condition. Those subjects who chose to stand on the right (disfigured) side of the confederate, stood further away from those subjects standing on the nondisfigured side. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of the possible psychological problems associated with facial disfigurem

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the effects of (1) generality equivalence between attitudinal and behavioral entities and (2) the order and proximity of the attitude and behavior questions on the observed relationship between attitudes and behavior. The behaviors examined are sentence recommendations for six hypothetical defendants. The sample is composed of 185 line probation officers from New York State. The variables chosen conform to Martin Fishbein's model of behavioral intentions. As predicted, the observed relationship is affected by both level of specificity and proximity of the questions. Order of the questions has little effect.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY