摘要:

Traditional sex role characteristics suggest that women may be more dissatisfied with casual sex than men. We investigated this notion by examining the reactions of women and men to a hypothetical, first‐time sexual encounter. An additional factor that was hypothesized to affect reactions was the presence of alcohol, which may serve as a cue for sexual disinhibition. College students read a scenario depicting a consensual sexual encounter between two people who met at a party, and made judgments about the partners' behavior and characteristics. Four versions of the scenario varied the alcohol consumption of both characters. Results showed that men were more likely than women to find the behavior of each partner socially acceptable, to foresee a positive future for the couple as a result of their sexual encounter, and to predict that they themselves would engage in similar behavior. Although no main effects for alcohol consumption were found, alcohol consumption interacted with gender to influence judgments about the characters' sexuality. Results are discussed in terms of sex role stereotyping and the tendency of both sexes to misunderstand or misperceive each other's sexual feeling

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the sufficiency of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to predict intention and behavior with respect to problem drinking, as well as the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intention and behavior over and above the TRA. The role of perceived control in the TPB was also examined. A 12‐year longitudinal study on alcohol and drug use attitudes and behavior provided the context for this investigation. Two criterion variables were examined: intention to get drunk and frequency of getting drunk. It was hypothesized that heavier drinkers would perceive less control over their drinking. Coincidentally, the TRA, which assumes the behavior being predicted is volitional, would become less predictive as drinking became heavier. Furthermore, the TPB, which extends the TRA to include perceived (volitional) control over the behavior would be more predictive of intention and behavior than the TRA. All three hypotheses were supported. In addition, perceived control proved to be differentially predictive for nonproblem and problem drinkers. Specifically, perceived control contributed to the prediction ofintentionto get drunk for nonproblem drinkers, but to the prediction ofbehavior(frequency of getting drunk) for problem drinkers. Implications of these results for theory development and application are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the impact of performance outcomes, leadership type, leader behaviors, and observers' general belief in the importance of leadership on attributions of influence and charisma to a leader. Subjects (N= 549) read 24 versions of an organizational vignette representing all possible combinations of two performance levels, two leadership roles, and six leader behavior conditions, and were asked to evaluate the leader's level of causal influence and charisma. Results supported and extended Meindl's (1990) claim that observers' tendency to romanticize the role of a specific leader is affected by the group performance outcomes and by observers' general beliefs in the importance of leadership in organizations. The results further suggested that more influence may be attributed to a prototypical leadership role than to a less prototypical role. However, information about leader behaviors did not affect the attributions of influence and charisma to the leader. These results are discussed with reference to Conger and Kanungo's (1987) attributional theory of charismatic leadership and leadership categorization theory (Lord, 1985).

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model was developed that related the clothing preference of employed females with self‐congruity, ideal congruity, and career anchorage. It was hypothesized that (a) employed females are more likely to wear those outfits that match their actual self‐image and ideal self‐image than those that do not match their actual and ideal self‐image; (b) the more upward the career anchorage, the greater the self‐ and ideal congruity involving a business‐like outfit, and the greater the preference for wearing business‐like outfits. The sample consisted of 227 women faculty and staff members at three universities. Five garment images were used: feminine, business‐like, casual, sexy, and collegiate. The hypotheses were m

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY