摘要:

A study of 971 sexually active, heterosexual, nonpregnant women was undertaken in an HIV‐endemic community in the New York City area to determine the psychological correlates of carrying condoms. Analyses suggested that women factor concerns about negative social reactions from society in general most heavily in their attitude toward carrying condoms, followed by their overall attitude toward condoms, and concerns about the increase in preventive efficacy resulting from carrying condoms. This brief structure was generalized across risk groups. Intervention implications of these results are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research is an analysis of all calls received by an AIDS hotline over an 8‐month period. Caller demographics and types of presenting problems of callers are reported. Overall, callers were most concerned about how the virus was transmitted and requested information about HIV testing for themselves, a partner, a friend, or a relative. Despite the fact that adolescents are at high risk for contracting HIV, few adolescents called the hotline, but those who did were more likely to request safer sex information than HIV testing information. In contrast, all other age groups requested HIV testing more than safer sex information, often by a 2:1 or 3:1 margin. Men called most frequently because of concerns about self, whereas women called most frequently with concerns about others. These results are discussed in the context of the AIDS epidemic and in terms of social factor

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are many ways to communicate bad news. The MUM effect (Tesser&Rosen, 1975), which is keeping mum and not transmitting the bad news at all, is only one of many possible approaches. Using P. Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, an experimental study was conducted to address notwhetherbad news is being transmitted, buthowbad news is being transmitted. The results show that most communicators tend to use politeness strategies when communicating bad news. Moreover, using politeness strategies to couch the message did not attenuate the informative value of the message. Focused contrasts revealed two strong interactions between gender and communication direction on strategy use. First, power differences more strongly predicted strategy use for men, whereas distance differences more strongly predicted strategy use for women. Second, men used most politeness strategies when the combined effect of power and distance was the highest (as the politeness theory would predict), but the trend was reversed for women. This finding suggests that politeness theory may not be an accurate model for describing female communicators.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

French and Raven (1959) inferred how the existence of social power bases influences a subordinate's perception and a leader's use of other powers. Based on their propositions, we tested a model using meta‐analytic correlations as input to structural equations analysis. We also used recent literature to test a revised model, which fit the data better. Additionally, the meta‐analytic effects of the social bases of power on satisfaction with supervision, job satisfaction, and performance were exami

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY