摘要:

College students were either overpaid, underpaid, or equitably paid by an individual or an organizational agent for performing a task. Overpayment was more tolerated, but underpayment was less tolerated when it came from an organizational agent than from an individual. The implications for equity theory and research are considered.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study experimentally explored hiring recommendations involving disabled job applicants. One hundred eight supervisors and mid‐level managers reviewed the cover letter and resume of an applicant and the job description for a simulated position. The applicant's type of disability and cause of disability were systematically manipulated in the resume and cover letter. The results demonstrated that subjects made different recommendations for hiring the applicant as a function of the type as well as the cause of the disability. Implications for employers' bias are discussed and suggestions for future research are presente

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three models are proposed to explain the relationship between individual differences in beliefs and stress responses in control‐limited environments: (1) the Environmental Incongruency, (2) Differential Stress Responses, and (3) Undifferentiated Responses. The present research examined the support for each model using inmates differing in control beliefs and prison as the control‐limited environment. The results did not support either the Incongruency or the Differential models. In contrast with previous studies of control‐limited environments, there was no evidence of change in passive stress responses over time in prison, but there was an increase in active responses (e.g., conflicts with other inmates) early during incarceration. As predicted by the Undifferentiated Response M odel, inmates who were more external in Locus of Control experienced significantly more active and passive stress reactions. No differences were found in stress as a function of their internal be

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an examination of the impacts on electoral success of candidate gender, candidate physical attractiveness, prestige and responsibility of office sought, and voter characteristics, 219 college students evaluated six challengers to an incumbent in either a mayoral or county clerk's race. Challengers represented men and women of high, moderate, and low physical attractiveness. Male, but not female, voters discriminated against female candidates. While physical attractiveness accentuated perceptions of masculinity in a man and femininity in a woman, the appeal of an attractive (i.e., more feminine) woman seeking a masculine‐stereotyped position was not damaged by the so‐called “beauty is beastly” effect. However, attractiveness was less consistently an asset for female candidates than it was for male candidates. Male, but not female, candidates directly benefitted from being physical attractive and were also more positively evaluated to the extent that they were perceived as highly masculine. These findings not only contribute to understanding of the joint impacts of sex‐role and attractiveness stereotypes, but call into question survey findings pointing to the demise of sexism in electoral

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of on‐the‐job experience in fostering skill at detecting deception was examined. A deception‐detection test was administered to three samples of more than 100 subjects each: a group of undergraduates with no special experiences at detecting deceit; a group of new recruits to a federal law enforcement training program, who had some limited on‐the‐job experience at detecting deceit; and a group of advanced federal law enforcement officers, with years of experience working at jobs in which the detection of deception is very important. Although the officer samples were more confident about their judgments of deceptiveness than were the students, they were no more accurate than the students. None of the three groups showed a significant improvement in deception‐detection success from the first half to the second half of the test; however, the advanced officers felt increasingly confident about their performance as they progressed through the test. Correlational analyses of the relationship between accuracy and confidence provided further evidence that experience does not improve people's awareness oi the accuracy or inaccuracy of their judgments. The findings from this research are compared to the results of research on other kinds of professional decision‐makers (e.g., clinical psychologists), and several theoretical perspectives on the role of experience in decision making

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four college students viewed one of three videotapes of a mock police interrogation that ended in a confession. In one videotape the camera was focused primarily on the “suspect”; in a second the camera was focused primarily on the “detective”; and in the third the camera was focused on the suspect and detective equally. Subjects in the suspect‐focus condition subsequently judged that the confession was elicited by means of a small degree of coercion; subjects in the equal‐focus condition judged that it was elicited by means of a moderate degree of coercion; and subjects in the detective‐focus condition judged that it was elicited by means of a large degree of coercion. It is argued that the effect of camera point of view on judgments of coercion is mediated by causal attributions. Consistent with this interpretation, camera point of view also had a significant effect on subjects' attributions for the suspect's behavior, with subjects in the suspect‐focus condition making the most dispositional attributions and subjects in the detective‐focus condition making the least dispositional attributions. Alternative explanations are considered and limitations of the present research are discussed. It is concluded that to the extent that interrogations are videotaped with the camera focused on the suspect, judges and/ or jurors may be biased to perceive a conf

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY