摘要:

This study was conducted to determine how people form conceptualizations of other countries' deservingness for nonmilitary foreign aid. A factor analysis of 78 college students' ratings of 21 variables for their importance in determining whether another country is deserving of economic aid yielded appropriate variables for closer examination. In the second part of this study, a new group of 40 college students was asked to rate 96 stimulus countries (constructed by factorially varying the levels of six need, similarity, and effectiveness variables) on their deservingness for foreign aid. The results suggested that ratings of other countries' deservingness for foreign aid are based on perceived need, similarity, and effectiveness, with a multiplicative combination of the recipient's need and similarity playing a prominent role. The results are related to two other conceptions of altruism and helping behavior.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two random telephone surveys were conducted‐one in Evanston, Illinois and one in Morton Grove, Illinois‐to assess the motivations underlying public support for handgun control. The data from both surveys suggested that such support was linked most strongly to citizen beliefs about the effect of a handgun ban on the overall crime rate. Little support was found for either the suggestion that gun control opposition is linked to concerns about personal protection against crime or for the suggestion that views about gun control are part of a more general ideological orientat

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred thirty‐four introductory psychology students participatcd in a longitudinal study of seat belt usage. The model of Fishbein and Ajzen was tested, as was the construct of habit within this context. Multiple regression analyses supported the basic Fishhein and Ajzen model predictions. Attitudes and subjective norms predicted intentions, which in turn predicted behavior. Furthermore, habit predicted behavior better than intention. The following nonspurious relationships were observed in cross‐lagged panel correlation tests: influence from subjective norm to intention, influence from intention to attitude, influcnce from attitude to subjective norm, influence from behavior to habit, and, of course, influence from attitude to behavior. Discussion included further consideration of the Fishbein and Ajzen model, social adaptation theory, and implications for seat belt us

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was designed to evaluate empirically the notion that in bargaining weakness can be turned into strength. Subjects participated in simulated labor‐management negotiations. The results indicate that a “my hands are tied” ploy is effective in eliciting concessions when used to induce an adversary to accept a settlement which is included in the bargaining range. In contrast, the use of the ploy in an effort to settle negotiations outside the bargaining range enhanced the adversary's intransigence. The implications of the differential effects of a “my hands are tied” ploy for the process of negotiations are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the effects of the 1980 Reagan‐Carter presidential debate, samples of college students were surveyed in the laboratory and in the field before and after watching the debate. Responses were consistent across groups, indicating that both selective recall and selective evaluation occurred. The plurality of subjects in both groups (i.e., field and laboratory) were better at recalling their preferred candidate's arguments than those of the opposition. In addition, judgments of who won were biased in favor of predebate presidential preference. Commitment was not significantly related to either process (i.e., selective evaluation or selective recall), indicating that both strongly committed and weakly committed individuals may selectively encode and selectively evaluate incoming political information. These findings are discussed in light of the timing of the debat

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A field experiment was designed to examine the role of gender trait assumptions in occupational treatment discrimination. Professional personnel consultants evaluated male or female employees who were physically attractive or unattractive and masculine, feminine, or androgynous. Consultants made decisions about promotion, opportunity for special training, delegation of work assignments, and a child care leave of absence request in masculine, feminine, and sex‐neutral occupations. Decisions about career development were strongly influenced by gender trait information, rather than by gender or attractiveness. In contrast, females were more likely than males to be granted a child care leave without pay, regardless of sex role. The results supported the assumption that the congruence between gender traits and the occupational requirements mediates occupational sex discrimination. Only for decisions involving competing role demands stemming from faily circumstances was there evidence that beliefs about appropriate roles for the sexes mediate discrimination. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of new approaches for reducing sex discrimination in the treatment of employee

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY