摘要:

An experiment was carried out to determine whether attempts to change values would be less successful under conditions of confrontation with a significant other than under conditions of private self‐confrontation. Rokeach's value change procedure was used to induce self‐dissatisfaction in two experimcntal groups, one under anonymous conditions and the other under non‐anonymous, face‐to‐face interaction with the experimenter. The rcsults confirm previously reported findings that significant long‐term changes in values can be brought about by inducing feelings of self‐dissatisfaction about contradictions within one's value‐attitude system. The findings also showed that changes in equality and freedom 8 to 9 weeks after the experiment were equally great under both anonymous and non‐anonymous conditions compared with a control condition. The results are discussed especially in relation to their practical implications

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a manufacturing firm the management provides daily production goals for a number of small assembly lines, and reports daily performance scores to the workers. In the research reported here, employees were asked after each of 3 weeks what goal they privately preferred their team to have in the future. On two occasions measures also were made of their desire for group success and their views toward their team and its task. It was observed that managers and workers alike preferred very difficult group goals, that workers with greater desire for pride in group more commonly preferred harder goals, and that stress was greater as the team functioned more poorly. Results in this natural setting resembled those in laboratory experiments.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Customers who purchased a household cleaning product from a door‐to‐door salesman were offered a monetary rebate after the sale. Customers accepted the rebate when it came from a company, but not when it came from the salesman. A second study replicated these findings and also showed that customers were reluctant to accept rebates that came from middlemen (suppliers). It seems likely that customers were more willing to accept money from the company than from other donors becausc they believed the company had higher inc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study sought to investigate the relationship between a personality variable, internal‐external control of reinforcement, and reactions of college students to the My Lai courts‐martial. It was hypothesized that externak would bc more likely than internals to underplay the individual responsibility of Calley and his men, projecting most of the blamc for what happcncd at My Lai onto the US. government and military establishment. Strong support for the hypothesized relationship between I‐E and assibmment of responsibility for the My Lai events was found for University of Connccticut males, but not for fe

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was argued that prejudicc is a likely outcome of simple cognitive structures, and that if a training procedure could be devised which would increase conccptual complexity in the xea of interracial affairs, thcn prejudice would be reduced. Accordingly, a complexity training task was developed which required Ss to engage in uniconceptual or multiconceptual thinking about videotaped stimulus persons who varied in race (black and white) and competence. Ss were 64 paid, white, high school students. Results showed that both complexity training procedures were effective in reducing prejudice and increasing complexity of thinking, but the multiconceptual training group failcd to signiticantly outpcrform the uniconceptual group. This latter result was interprctcd in tcrins of cognitive matching model.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Student Es delivcred persuasive communications against US. involvement in Southeast Asia to community residents in the residents' homes. The Ss received either a written communication (a pamphlet), or a verbal communication (a talk with a student E), or, on successive occasions, both. A control group received neither communication. Later all the Ss were approached by other student Es with a relevant opinion inventory. At this time they were also offered a choice of contrasting petitions to sign. The attitude measure reflected no difference as a result of the written communication, and a negative persuasion effect for the verbal communication. Also Ss signed significantly fewer petitions, whether pro or con, after the verbal communication. The pragmatic implications of these results are discussed as they relate to student canvassers in the community.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the effects on attitude, mood, and recall of embedding a communication in different musical art forms. Subjects listened to four folk songs, each of which either had or did not have guitar accompaniment, and which were either sung or dramatically spoken. Results indicated greater positive emotional arousal and greater persuasion with the presence of guitar accompaniment. The sung‐spoken variation had few effects. The results were interpreted as supporting a conclusion of Dabbs and Janis (1965) that a pleasant activity such as eating creates a momentary mood of compliance toward a communication's recommendations. The present study generalized Dabbs and Janis' conclusion to a stimulus situation involving instrumental music. An alternative interpretation that the music inhibited counterargument production was discussed and rejected. The implications of the study for a more general arousal‐persuasion model were no

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted to determine the effects of reinforcement following helping in one situation on subsequent helping behavior. It was predicted that helping behavior would increase following positive reinforcement and decrease following negative reinforcement. It was also predicted that the attractiveness of the dispenser of reinforcement would affect subsequent helping. The study was conducted using a 3 × 2 × 2 design with the variables bemg nature of reinforcement, attractivcness of the confederate, and sex of S. The data indicated that subsequent to negative reinforcement, helping responses decrease. There were no differences between the positive, neutral or control conditions. Sex of S interacted with reinforcemcnt condition, with mcn helping more than women following negative reinforcement. Malcs and females also differcd in quality of help given, with men offering more physical help than women, particularly following neutral reinforcemen

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The behavioral effects of high and low spatial density on normal children of ages 4 and 5 were examined. Sixty Ss were observed in groups of six in a free‐play situation under both density conditions. Results showed that there was significantly less aggression and less social interaction in the high‐density condition than in the low‐dcnsity condition. Thcrc was a significant Density X Sex effect o n aggression and signficant main effects of sex on aggression, nurturance, number of interruptions, and number of children interacted with. Several complexities in researching and explaining the effects of density on behaviors are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1972.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY