摘要:

In assessing college women's intentions to tell their partners to use condoms every time they have sexual intercourse, the present study examined the applicability of the theory of reasoned action (TORA, Fishbein&Ajzen, 1975), and the additional prediction contributed by Ajzen's (1985) perceived behavioral control and Triandis’(1977) emotional reaction variables. Three hundred and twelve female college students completed a questionnaire designed to measure the aforementioned constructs. Consistent with TORA, the results suggested that these women's intentions were significantly predicted from attitudes and subjective norms. Regarding the effects of the two additional variables, only emotional reaction increased the prediction of intentions beyond that explained by TORA, whereas perceived behavioral control did not improve the prediction. Both conceptual and applied implications of these findings for health interventions to increase condom use were discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated social‐psychological characteristics of disadvantaged persons in employment training. Participants (N=115) furnished information about their psychological resources (internality and learned resourcefulness), social support, and job procurement self‐efficacy when they entered employment training programs. Self‐efficacy was assessed again approximately 3 weeks after termination from training. It was expected that psychological resources and social support would be associated and that they would predict job procurement self‐efficacy at follow‐up. Psychological resources and social support were significantly related. Social support, and particularly reassurance of worth, were significant predictors of participants’ efficacy expectations at follow‐up. Implications for employment preparation are discussed, and directions for future research

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the role of social support provisions and efficacy cognitions in adherence to a prescribed exercise regimen. A generalized estimating equations approach was employed to estimate regression coefficients via an iterative weighted least squares algorithm. Findings indicated that when employed as time‐varying covariates, the social provisions of reassurance of worth, attachment, and, to a lesser extent, guidance were significantly associated with intraindividual fluctuations in program adherence. Specifically, individuals with a greater sense of self‐worth were more likely to adhere throughout the program, whereas the effects of subject's perceptions of greater attachment, although generally related to sustained adherence, fluctuated over time. Findings also suggest that individuals perceiving higher levels of guidance were less likely to adhere during the early and concluding stages of the exercise program. Although synchronous covariation existed between efficacy cognitions and attendance, self‐efficacy was not predictive of intraindividual change in attendance over time. Results are discussed in regard to the importance of self‐referent processes and social provisions in exercise adherence, and the utility of the proposed generalized estimating equations approach to the analysis of longitudin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the effects of observational focus and performance cues on rating accuracy. It was hypothesized that these two factors would affect ratings independently: a) subjects given a good performance cue would rate the target more positively than subjects given a poor performance cue and, b) subjects using an event focus would rate the target person more accurately than subjects using a person focus. One hundred twenty undergraduates viewed the same videotape and subsequently stated which of a set of 48 behaviors were exhibited by the target person. The results supported the hypothesized performance cue effect. Observational focus did not have the hypothesized main effect on rating accuracy but was involved in a four‐way interaction. The interaction indicated that, as the focus of the subject's attention broadened to the entire event, the errors associated with the performance cue effect were lessened. The subjects using an event focus were likely to generate ratings characterized by a positivity bias, whereas those using a person focus were more likely to generate ratings biased by performance cue

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY