摘要:

Two investigations examine the effect of similarity of sexual attitudes on (a) attraction to a stranger and (b) marital sexual satisfaction. In an experiment using undergraduates, manipulation of subject‐stranger similarity in general affective orientation to sexuality affected attraction and other evaluative dependent variables. In the second investigation, married couples revealed sexual attitudes and sexual satisfaction. Husbands and wives were similar (r= 0.58,p<0.001) in their affective orientations to sexuality. Discrepancy between the partners’ scores predicted sexual dissatisfaction in both partners. In addition, the wife's affective orientation to sexuality predicted more indices of sexual satisfaction and adjustment in both the wife and the husband than did the husband's affective orientation to sexuality. Finally, spouses with a positive affective orientation to sexuality were more accurate when judging their partner's sexual enjoyment, compared to spouses with a negative orientation. The findings have implications for the effects of similarity of attitudes on interpersonal attraction and on relationship qual

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On November 7, 1991, Earvin (“Magic”) Johnson, Jr., announced that he was HIV positive. At the time of this announcement, the authors had just finished collecting data on subjects’ willingness to help a person with the AIDS virus (PWA). These preannouncement data were compared to data collected 1 week, 2/12 months, and months after the announcement. It was predicted that in the week immediately after the disclosure, helping of the PWA would increase significantly, but, over time, helping would return to the preannouncement level. This hypothesis was confirmed; in the week following the announcement, the percentage of men who offered help and the amount of help offered by men and women increased significantly. Four and one‐half months after the announcement, helping was back to preannouncement levels. No consistent pattern of changes in affective reactions to the PWA were found. The results were discussed within the context of Kelman's (1958) theory of the different processes of attitude and behavior change and Petty and Cacioppo's (1986) elaboration likelihood model of per

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adolescents tend to categorize themselves and their peers into discrete ingroups and outgroups. A comparison of ingroup versus outgroup perceptions of the characteristics of high‐risk youth was investigated. Based on current stereotype research, we examined the perspective that outgroup members would hold a more extreme stereotype of high‐risk youth compared to the perceptions of ingroup members. A total of 955 7th‐ and 10th‐grade southern California adolescents completed a questionnaire regarding the characteristics of their own peer group and a high‐risk group. Support was obtained for an extremity of judgement effect. Outgroup youth perceived that their high‐risk peers engaged in fewer school and nonschool low‐risk activities, more high‐risk activities, and greater drug use than did ingroup members. Outgroup members also held perceptions of high‐risk youth as less likely to hold a white‐collar job than did the ingroup members. The perceptions that adolescents have of these groups may play major roles in their own social behavior. The implications of these results for future tobacco use prevention prog

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a more unpredictable course than osteoarthritis (OA), we hypothesized that generalized expectancies (optimistic/ pessimistic) influence the psychosocial adjustment of RA patients, whereas disease severity influences the adjustment of OA patients. Path analysis (LISREL VI) revealed that pessimistic RA patients (N= 107) and the more physically disabled OA patients (N= 108) reported poorer adjustment. The hypothesized mediating role of coping was supported for the RA but not the OA sample; that is, pessimism was associated with poor adjustment through greater use of wishful thinking coping. Unexpectedly, problem‐solving coping was not found to mediate the optimism adjustment relationshi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY