摘要:

The role that costs, benefits, and perceptions of invulnerability play in condom use was examined in a sample of students (N= 211) at 4‐year and 2‐year colleges. In multiple regression analyses, past condom use was related to relative invulnerability, low present risk, and inexperience. Less intended condom use was associated with high perceptions of relative invulnerability and low perceptions of present risk. It appears that many college students feel protected from HIV because they judge their current sexual environment to be safe due to monogamy, sexual history taking, and the ability to tell a partner's HIV status. Independent of that, feelings of relative invulnerability are associated with more condom use—perhaps an accurate judgment of past risky beh

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The current study examines people's perceptions of a male anabolic steroid (AS) user. Differences in perceptions on the Steroid Perception Questionnaire (SPQ; Schwerin&Corcoran, 1992) were measured. Subjects (N= 399) received 1 of 5 slide presentations: an athletically active individual, a drug‐free, an AS‐using, a cocaine‐using, and a cheating bodybuilder. Results show the AS‐using protagonist significantly different (more negatively rated) than his drug‐free counterparts and similar to the cocaine‐using bodybuilder (p<.05). Differences among presentation protagonists on SPQ dimensions and comparisons to the Schwerin and Corcoran (1992) written‐mode findings are exa

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research has shown that a server's smiling can increase restaurant tips and that a server's writing “thank you” on the backs of checks can also increase tips. In the current study, these two approaches were combined. An experiment was conducted in which a male or female server drew a happy, smiling face on the backs of checks before delivering them to customers, or simply delivered checks with nothing drawn on the back. It was predicted that this tactic would increase tips for the female server because of an increased perception of friendliness, but would not increase tips for the male server because such behavior would be perceived as gender‐inappropriate. Results were consistent with predic

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purposes of these studies were (a) to establish on a general basis whether 3 time‐honored manipulable components of punishment combine additively, or multi‐plicatively in determining the judged deterrence value of a sanction, and (b) to explore the equivalence in principle of two mutually exclusive experimental designs. Study 1 used a repeated measures design whereas main and interactive effects of certainty and severity were substantial and appeared to follow a multiplying rule, celerity effects were very small and local. Studies 2a and 3 used independent groups and established that the results of Study 1 were not merely an arbitrary product of the method. The discussion addresses the minimal effects of celerity, the interaction between certainty and severity, and the theoretical implications of choice of met

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between racial identity attitudes and psychological closeness to various African American groups was examined in 171 African American college students at a predominantly White southeastern university. The data were collected using the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (Helms&Parham, 1985), and a scale measuring Perceived Psychological Closeness to African Americans. The closeness scale is a 14‐item instrument that was found to represent (in this sample) psychological closeness to 4 African American groups. Internalized racial identity attitudes indicated positive feelings toward various groups of African Americans. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that internalized racial identity attitudes were predictive of psychological closeness to African Americans, although this varied somewhat depending on the subgrou

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal study is reported of relocating employees (n= 51) and their partners (n= 31) who relocated between two cities in England. A nonmoving comparison group of employees from the same organization (n= 58) was included. The subjects completed a questionnaire before (approximately 6 weeks) and after (approximately 10 weeks) the relocation. Results showed that relocating employees' pre‐move general stress was similar to that of nonmoving employees. Moreover, male relocators' stress reduced significantly following the move, while female relocators stayed the same. Stress specific to relocation was very high for relocating employees and partners, and remained so following the move. Evidence was found to show a relationship between attributions of the causes of relocation problems and the experience of stres

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY