摘要:

Employee attendance at a training session was examined using the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein&Ajzen, 1975). In addition, based on Audi (1973a, b) and Warshaw and Davis (1985), a distinction was made between desires (I want) and behavioral self‐predictions (I will), and as in Ajzen (1985, 1987), the role of perceived control as a determinant of these desires, self‐predictions, and attendance behavior, per se, was investigated. The results indicated that the best predictors of attendance at the training session were one's desire or motivation to attend the training session and the extent to which one perceived pressure from his or her supervisor to do so. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action, the motivation to attend training was predicted accurately from attitudes and subjective norms (R=.76,p<.001). Moreover, these attitudes and subjective norms were themselves predicted from a consideration of behavioral and normative beliefs, and key beliefs underlying one's desire to attend were identified. However, a consideration of perceived control did not improve the prediction of one's desire to attend training, and neither perceived control nor behavioral self‐predictions improved prediction of actual attendance. The discussion focused on the roles of perceived control and different measures of intention in behavioral predi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A distinction between self‐reported dreams and nightmares made it possible to test the relative sensitivity of these nonwaking cognitions to different kinds of life stressors including combat expasure, childhood and adolescent stressom, and recent life events. Survey interview data were collected on 442 men from the cohort eligible for military duty during the Vietnam Conflict who varied in their partiapation in that war. Dreams were over 3.5 times more prevalent than nightmares. Nevertheless, it was the prevalence, frequency, and content of nightmares, not dreams, that were consistently associated with life stresors. Links between nonwaking cognitions and life stressors are explored with regard to hypothesized mechanisms involving affect and cognition, wish fulfillment, and working‐through proces

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We surveyed over 1,000 undergraduates about their attitudes toward fatness and fat people. A consistent pattern of attitudes emerged: People who were anti‐fat shared an ideologically conservative outlook on life. Those who disliked fatness tended to be politically conservative, racist, in favor of capital punishment, and less supportive of nontraditional marriages. By contrast, negative attitudes toward fatness were not associated with conservative sexual attitudes (which are less likely to be ideologically based), although they were related to less tolerance of sexuality among the handicapped, homosexuals, and the elderly. Antifat attitudes seem to be based on ideology, and not on one's own weight situation: Anti‐fat attitudes were virtually unrelated to one's own degree of fatness. The relationship between ideology and anti‐fat attitudes was stronger among men than among women, which indicates that a variety of other, perhaps more self‐relevant factors, play into the anti‐fat attitudes of women. For example, when women held a conservative, anti‐fat ideology, and were in the heaviest weight group, they suffered from low self‐esteem. This relationship did not hold for men, indicating that the relationship between ideology and self‐derogation may be based on the greater self‐relevance weight holds for women. In a second study, we found that anti‐fat attitudes were substantially correlated with authoritarianism, indicating that prejudice against fat people may be another manifestation of a collection of political and social attitudes predicated on conventionalism and a narrow latitude of acceptance o

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Selection evaluations for job applicants with a history of cancer were experimentally explored. One hundred and thirty‐two supervisors and mid‐level managers reviewed the cover letter and resume of an applicant with a medical condition and the job description for a simulated position. The type of the applicant's cancer was systematically manipulated in the cover letter to represent cancers with varying 5‐year survival rates. Attribution of responsibility for the disability, perceived qualifications, and the recommendation to hire were assessed. Regardless of qualifications, participants made lower hiring recommendations for the applicants with cancer of the colon, pancreas, bone, and thyroid when compared to an applicant with pneumonia. Presumed personal blame for the disability was also found to be negatively related to the hiring recommend

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of modeling on car safety belt use were investigated in a field experiment. Modeling, anticipated trip length, and gender of the model were manipulated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Sixty‐four female college students were told that they were to participate in an experiment that would take place in another location, requiring a drive either of less than one mile or of several miles. The driver either used or did not use a safety belt. Subjects' belt use was significantly related to the model's behavior. When the driver used a safety belt, 77.4% of the subjects used one; when the driver did not use a safety belt, only 313% of the subjects used one. A significant effect for trip length was also found. In the long trip condition, 71.9% of the subjects used a belt; in the short trip condition, 35.5% used one. Results are interpreted as support for a social learning theory approach to increasing voluntary safety belt

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY