摘要:

A total of 200 residents of Columbus, Ohio, were questioned over the telephone about their knowledge of U.S. and Soviet crisis relocation plans, their feelings about chances of surviving nuclear attack, and their behavioral intentions in the event of an evacuation. Few respondents displayed knowledge of the existence or substance of crisis relocation plans. Most gauged survival rates in the event of a nuclear attack as substantially higher with an evacuation plan than without one, but in both cases expectations were that fewer than 50% of the population would survive. While most respondents stated they would follow evacuation procedures, evidence of possible noncompliance was found.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are many variables that influence compliance. With regard to individuals making requests of others, Bickman (1974) found that the apparel of the person making the request significantly influenced whether another person complied with the request. This study evaluates other factors such as sex, age, and altruism in compliance. Subjects were involved in a replication of Bickman's dime and parking meter study. Results showed that the dress of the perceived authority not only affected the number of subjects who complied but also the type of compliance, the type of noncompliance, and the latency between request and compliance. Also, older subjects complied significantly more often than younger subjects in the role authority condition.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A self‐attention approach to the effect of the group on the individual is applied to the phenomenon of participation in religious groups. Previous work indicates that group members become more self‐attentive, and thus more concerned with matching to standards of appropriate behavior, as the relative size of their subgroup decreases. This suggests that, in the context of religious groups, members of a congregation will be more self‐attentive, and thus more likely to participate in the religious group, when there are fewer congregation members relative to the number of ministers. The results of analysis of ten archival records of participation in religious groups support this perspective. The importance of self‐attention processes in religious group settings is di

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study compared the eyewitness performance of crime victims and bystanders. Fifteen pairs of subjects participated in what they thought to be a risk‐taking experiment that involved betting on the outcomes of a competitive game. In each session, the contest was interrupted when a confederate entered the room and stole the game money from one of the subjects while the other subject, seated across the table, watched. Whereas eight bystanders subsequently recognized the thief from a seven‐picture photospread, not a single victim made an accurate identification (p<.001). On physical descriptions of the confederate, a witness sex × role interaction (p<.05) revealed that this victim‐bystander effect held for female but not male subjects. Both arousal‐based and attentional explanations of these data are considered. The findings are also discussed for their obvious practical implications for eyewitness testimony

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a survey of 504 college students examining predictors of violence in heterosexual relationships, over half of both men and women had committed at least one physically violent act, and men more often than women reported having been the victims of such acts. Most respondents who reported some experience with violence had both committed and received it, were involved in relatively few different types of violence, and first experienced violence when a relationship had moved beyond the casual dating stage. Modest associations between physical violence and sexual aggression were uncovered. In a series of discriminant analyses, men who abused their partners were not readily distinguished from men who did not, but tended to be young, low in family income, traditional in attitudes toward women, abused as children, currently living with a woman, and from Appalachian areas. Women who abused were more readily discriminated and scored low in social desirability, were abused as children, and were from non‐Appalachian areas. Men who were abused were likely to be living with a woman and tended to be low in family income; similarly, cohabitation was related among women to being a target of violence, as were having been abused as a child and scoring low in social desirability. Findings are related to those of other studies of dating abuse, as well as to the family violence and aggression literature

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since its origins in 18th‐century English pubs, tipping has become a custom involving numerous professions and billions of dollars. Knowledge of the psychological factors underlying tipping would benefit service workers, service managers, and customers alike. Two studies were conducted to provide such knowledge about restaurant tipping. The percent tipped in these studies was related to group size, the customer's gender, the method of payment (cash or credit), and in some cases, the size of the bill. Tipping was not related to service quality, waitperson's efforts, waitperson's gender, restaurant's atmosphere, or restaurant's foo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that predict whether or not a rape victim will report to either a social service agency and/or the police. One hundred seventy‐nine female rape victims who either reported or did not report completed a questionnaire that assessed (1) perceived outcomes of reporting a rape, (2) social expectations to report or not report, (3) individual characteristics of the victim, and (4) situational characteristics of the rape. Perceived outcomes, social expectations, and certain situational characteristics effectively predicted reporting behavior. Theoretical explanations for the findings and implications for increasing the likelihood that victims will report are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY