摘要:

This study evaluates the utility of a social psychological theory, Ajzen and Fishbein's (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action, in explicating attitude‐behavior relationships concerning the practice of “safer sex” in a sample of 297 gay men. As the theory predicts, results indicate that a positive attitude toward “safer sex” and a belief that important, influential referents encouraged such behavior covaried with intention to practice sexual behaviors that minimize risk of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In turn, intention predicted levels of sexual risk‐taking and employment of HIV‐risk reducing strategies. Results provide support for the theory of reasoned action as a viable model of attitude‐behavior relationships in AIDS‐related risk reduction beh

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study attempted to test assumptions derived from the sex‐role spillover model of sexual harassment developed by Gutek and Morasch (1982). One hundred fourteen male and 120 female undergraduates were asked to read scenarios describing potentially sexually oriented behaviors toward women in three different types of job settings (job types: female dominated, male dominated, and mixed). The independent variables were (a) the status difference between the supervisor and subordinate (small vs. large), (b) job type, (c) sex of subject, and (d) sex type of subject (same‐sexed, cross‐sexed, androgynous, or undifferentiated). The results indicated that ambiguous behaviors are perceived as being more sexually harassing in male dominated and mixed settings than in female dominated settings. The implications for future theory and research on sexual harassment are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of 85 heterosexual men, 85 heterosexual women, and 82 homosexual men was undertaken to examine the variables that influence intentions to engage in different sexual practices and actual sexual behavior. On the basis of Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory of reasoned action, it was predicted that the strength of intentions would be related to whether behavior was in accord with intentions. Consistent with expectations, the strength of intention to engage in six different sexual practices (e. g., vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, oral sex) and the three strategies that modify the risk of HIV transmission (sex with an exclusive partner, sex wearing a condom, and looking for a new partner) predicted actual behavior. Second, it was proposed that attitudes toward one's sexual practices and norms would be related to intentions to engage in safe sex. To reflect differential levels in the safety of behavioral intentions, five safety intention groups were formed: (a) nonpenetrative sex, (b) penetrative sex in an exclusive relationship with a condom, (c) penetrative sex in an exclusive relationship without a condom, (d) penetrative sex in a nonexclusive relationship with a condom, and (e) penetrative sex in a nonexclusive relationship without a condom. Norms, rather than attitudes, distinguished the five safety intention groups. the groups intending to engage in safe sex (nonpenetrative sex or penetrative sex with a condom) perceived lower levels of social approval for their sexual practices than the noncondom groups. Additional analyses showed that past behavior had a stabilizing effect on the intention‐behavior relationship, but only for the nonpenetrative and noncondom safety intention group

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several studies done in both the United States and Europe suggest that police officers assess black citizens more negatively than they do white citizens. In this article, it is hypothesized that this differential treatment is caused by a lack of correspondence between a white police officer and a black citizen. Two experiments are reported that examine the impact of three different kinds of lack of correspondence‐in race, beliefs, and nonverbal behavior–on the formation of the impression that the citizen is a suspect in the committal of a crime. The results revealed that black nonverbal behavior and dissimilar beliefs resulted in a negative assessment. Black skin color resulted in an unpredicted positive effect. Some implications of these results for more traditional analyses of prejudice and discrimination will be discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY