摘要:

A social psychological theory of voting behavior was developed in the context of designing political campaigns to elect a candidate. This theory was tested in the context of a presidential, senatorial, and congressional election. In general, the data were consistent with the theory across all three elections and individual difference variables. Implications for the design and evaluation of political campaigns were developed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The links between relative deprivation (RD), dissatisfaction with financial situation, and propensity for militancy were examined in a field study of a farmers' rally in Adelaide, South Australia. The rally was held to protest the blockade of sheep exports by the meat workers' union. Consistent with Gurr's (1970) theory, a majority of protesters were relatively deprived. However, there was no support for Morrison's (1971) hypothesis that participants in a conservstive protest demonstration are in a state of “decreinental” RD. No support mas found for Gurr's postulate that RD is the basic condition for participants in collective violence. RD war significantly associated with feelings of dissatisfaction but not with predispositions toward militancy. Dissatisfaction alone was a significant predictor of militant predisposition. Factors that may act to weaken the link between RD and militancy in actual episodes of collective behavior were discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to determine what variables contribute to or detract from the inter‐ personal attraction of a successful career woman, 80 male and 80 female introductory psychology students at a large western state university viewed one of eight different videotapes of a female stimulus person discussing aspects of her career and homelife. Two levels of occupation (traditional vs. nontraditional), two levels of competcnce (high vs. low), and two levels of role overload (high vs. low) were factorially varied for each videotape. The Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS) was used as a covariate, thereby equalizing attitudes between the sexes. A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed on the data. Results indicated that all main effects‐competence, role overload, occupation, and sex of subjects‐were significant. Also significant was a sex of subject by occupation interaction and two three‐way interactions. These results were discussed in the context of how they increase our understanding of college students' perceptions of successful caree

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research examined the interaction of initial bargaining stance and later concession strategy in dyadic bargaining. Experimental procedures pitted subjects against a programmed opponent and manipulated thrcc variables: initial stance ot the opponent across the first two bargaining rounds (tough vs. soft), deadlock vs. no deadlock, and subsequent concession strategy (tough, matching, soft). The results revealed that: (a) with a tough initial stance, a matching strategy produced greater yielding than tough or soft strategies; while in the context of a soft initial stance, a tough concession strategy produced more yielding than a matching or soft concession strategy; and (b) a prior deadlock reduced later concession making but did not specify or alter the effects of concession strategy. The research qualifies prior work based on level of aspiration and reciprocity theories by indicating that certain postures which mix toughness with softer stances are the most effective bargaining tactics.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

College students (n= 197) voted to select a beauty queen from among six photographs equivalent in physical attractiveness, as determined by rankings of 35 students from a separate university. Half the photographs bore a desirable first‐name and half were assigned an undesirable first‐name. As predicted, firstname had a significant effect on physical attraction: Girls with desirable firstnames received 158 votes to 39 for those with undesirable names. These data were discussed in terms of an additive, rather than an interactive, effect, due to the nature of the task. The strength of these findings was related to the study's ecological valid

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived activity choice upon the frequency of exercise behavior of adult women. Thirty‐six recent enrollees in a private health club were recruited for involvement in a new exercise program. At an initial organizational meeting, subjects ranked their preferences for different activities and completed a number of self‐report inventories. Subjects were paired on the basis of their activity preferences so as to establish two matched groups of subjects. One member of each pair was then randomly assigned to a choice condition while the other was assigned to a no choice control condition. Perceived choice was manipulated at the time of an individual's next visit to the club, with subjects in the choice group being led to believe that their initial activity selections were the basis for their programs whereas subjects in the control group were informed that they had been assigned a standardized exercise program by the club's instructresses. The overall attendance of the choice group was better than that of the control group. Across both groups there was a significant decline in attendance over the 6‐week period but the decrement was significantly greater in the control group. At the conclusion of the 6‐week period, subjects in the choice condition expressed a greater intention to continue exercising at the club than did subjects in the control co

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment was conducted to determine the possible prejudicial effect of joining two similar criminal offenses in one trial, as compared to severing those offenses into separate trials. Levels of evidence (clear case for the prosecution, or a close case), trial mode (severed, combined with a clear or a close case), and position of case presentation in the joined trial (first or second) were combined in two 2 × 3 × 2 designs. The results indicated that clear cases received more guilty verdicts than close cases; joined trials obtained more guilty verdicts than severed trials; and first cases in joined trials received higher guilt scores than their severed counterparts or their joined counterparts presented second. The position effect seemed particularly strong when a close case was presented first and combined with a clear case in a joined tria

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY