摘要:

In the present study, burnout symptoms (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) were hypothesized to occur among male and female nurses who are low in communal orientation and feel they invest more in their relationships with patients than they receive in return. Communal orientation refers to the desire to give and receive benefits in response to the needs of and out of concern for others. Furthermore, it was expected that the perception of imbalance would be more strongly related to depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment among women than among men. The sample consisted of 194 full time working nurses (48.5% males, 51.5% females). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The results show that the burnout syndrome is more widespread among: (a) subjects, particularly women, who perceive an imbalance in their relationships with patients; (b) subjects low in communal orientation; and (c) subjects who both perceive an imbalance and are low in communal orientation. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical and practical implications.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most studies of sexual harassment focus on physical coercion or pressure for sexual favors. This research attempts to outline the factors involved in verbal sexual harassment, which is conceived of as a speech act similar to taboo language, with conversational “rules” and semantic categories that differentiate it from merely inappropriate language. One hundred thirty‐seven college students rated 37 sexual remarks for degrees of sexual harassment and inappropriateness. Total harassment scores correlated with total appropriateness scores at r = .68; although harassment ratings were high, remarks were judged more inappropriate than harassing. Five harassment factors and six appropriateness factors emerged. Women rated harassment factors of euphemisms and obscenity as significantly more harassing, and appropriateness factors of objectification, belittling competency, and name calling as more inappropriate. We conclude that men, who are less likely to be targets of harassment, are more used to taboo language and “naming” games, and are reluctant to admit to harassment, even when remarks are deemed inappropriate. Practical implications for defining verbal sexual harassment are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The research reported here examined the effect of personal belief systems of managers and their subordinates on their interrelationships as measured by several job‐related satisfaction variables. Results from a sample of 175 manager‐subordinate dyads demonstrate that the belief system construct may significantly affect job‐related satisfaction as well as the quality and outcomes of manager‐subordinate relationships. This research also suggests that socially oriented managers are positively associated with higher levels of subordinate satis

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted in order to investigate the relationships among script recognition, growth need strength (GNS), feedback from the task, and intrinsic motivation. It was hypothesized that GNS would moderate the script recognition‐intrinsic motivation relationship for intrinsic script recognition items. It was also hypothesized that intrinsic script recognition would be positively correlated with feedback from the task itself while extrinsic script recognition would exhibit a negative relationship with this variable. Subjects were 80 male undergraduates. The hypotheses were partially supported in that extrinsic script recognition was negatively related to perceptions of feedback from the task itself. In addition, GNS did moderate the intrinsic script recognition‐intrinsic motivation relations

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “just world” hypothesis has been used to explain victim blaming, or the attributions that people have for why a person has been victimized. Based on some of the premises of the just world hypothesis it was predicted that people would be more likely to attribute blame to a gay man with AIDS than they would to a heterosexual man with AIDS. From a sample of 79 undergraduate students it was found that a gay man was given more personal blame for contracting AIDS than a heterosexual man. Furthermore, the more intolerant people were towards gay men and the more fearful they were of contact with AIDS, the more likely they were to blame the gay man for contracting AIDS. Although preliminary, these results indicate the usefulness of the just world hypothesis for understanding the stigmatization of people with A

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY