摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the theory of reasoned action as a basis for understanding and predicting gay men's intentions to perform AIDS‐related sexual behaviors. A total of 314 self‐identified gay or bisexual men from Seattle, Denver, and Albany participated in the study. They were asked to indicate their intentions to perform 15 specific sexual behaviors chosen to represent different degrees of risk of contracting AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they were asked to respond to items measuring the attitudinal and normative considerations regarding each behavior. As expected, the results showed that the gay men's intentions were significantly predicted by the two factors. More interesting, it was found that, although attitudes are consistently the more important determinants of intentions for all the respondents, the importance of normative considerations varies across cities. This difference in normative considerations is interpreted in light of the differences in the structure of the three gay communities. Implications for designing sample‐specific intervention programs are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐seven undergraduates were assigned a performance goal for the first of two trials of a word game, and set goals for themselves on a second trial. Goal commitment was hypothesized to moderate the influence of goal level on performance within both trials. In addition, commitment to the assigned Trial I goals was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between goal attainment and self‐set goals for the second trial. Subjects' initial performance on a practice trial was also hypothesized to interact with the goal levels they were assigned on the first trial, such that individuals who performed relatively well on the practice trial were expected to evidence a greater positive relationship between goal level and performance than individuals who performed relatively poorly on the practice trial. The results of three moderated regression analyses yielded no support for the hypothesized within‐trial moderating influence of goal commitment on goal level‐performance relations. However, commitment to assigned goals and goal attainment did interact as related to personal goals for Trial 2. Further, the hypothesized influence of practice trial performance and assigned goal level on Trial I performance was supported. The results are discussed in terms of how goal levels should be determined and assigned to employees, and the role of goal commitment in goal setting pred

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The current study investigates the relationship between fear of AIDS and homophobia. The role of gender, marital status, religion, and church attendance as possible mediating variables in the hypothesized relationship was also investigated. Responses of 507 subjects to questionnaires indicated that men and women reported the same level of fear of AIDS; however, men were more homophobic than women. There was no difference between single and married individuals in the level of fear of AIDS; but people who had never been married were more homophobic than married individuals. There was also no relationship between religiosity and fear of AIDS. There were, however, differences in levels of homophobia across denominations. Finally, there was a relationship between church attendance and both fear of AIDS and homophobia. The results are compared to those obtained by Bouton and his colleagues 5 years earlier and implications for educational programs designed to change attitudes toward AIDS and homosexuality are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the influence of the gender and communication style of job applicants, as well as the gender and sex‐role stereotyping of interviewers, on hiring decisions. Fifty‐six personnel officers viewed videotapes of simulated employment interviews, in which male and female candidates used either aggressive, assertive, or nonassertive styles of communication. Personnel officers rated job candidates on likeability, similarity to the officers themselves, and hireability. Interviewers were most likely to employ assertive applicants, and the sex‐role stereotypes of interviewers did not influence their perceptions of these candidates. Sex‐role beliefs, however, did affect evaluations of aggressive and nonassertive job applicants. Interviewers who were low in sex‐role stereotyping were more likely to hire a nonassertive than an aggressive candidate, while interviewers with higher levels of sex‐role stereotyping were more likely to hire aggressive candidates. For assertive candidates, judgments by the interviewers of the perceived similarity of the candidate to themselves and their liking for the applicant both influenced their decision to hire the candidate. For aggressive and nonassertive candidates, however, the interviewers' liking toward the candidate mediated the relationship between perceived similarity and hirin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have shown that people develop expectations about the taste and effects of consumed substances and that those expectations can guide future behavior, cognitions, and affect. Identifying expectancies for the taste of both low‐ and high‐fat foods is important in determining people's reactions to changes in their diets. Study 1 was designed to determine the existence of expectancies for the taste of low‐and high‐fat foods and the effects of these expectations on food consumption and preference. Ninety‐seven subjects tasted a bowl of ice cream and rated the taste on taste judgment forms. The fat content of the ice cream (high‐ versus low‐fat) and the expectancy of high‐ versus low‐fat content were independently manipulated using a balanced placebo design. Expectancy affected the consumption of ice cream under most circumstances: For women who received high‐fat ice cream and for men, regardless of the ice cream received, consumption was higher when high‐fat ice cream was expected than when low‐fat ice cream was expected. Study 2 was designed to investigate the effects of educating individuals about the diet‐cancer link on consumption and preference. Receiving information about diet and cancer, especially when the information was personalized, decreased overall consumption and reported preference. Current levels of daily fat consumption also affected laboratory consumption and preference. This study has several implications for intervent

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY