摘要:

This study explored one mechanism through which acute disaster stress (injury, life threat, property damage, loss) may produce lasting psychological distress (depression, anxiety, somatization, hostility). More specifically, the study examined the mediating roles of seven domains of chronic stress (marital, parental, filial, financial, occupational, ecological, physical) within a sample of 930 disaster victims and controls. The results provided strong support for the hypothesis that chronic stress mediates the long‐term effects of acute disaster stress on psychological distress. The main effects of loss, though limited in strength, were completely explained by victims’ higher financial, marital, filial, and physical stress. The effects of injury, though quite strong, were largely mediated by these same domains of chronic stress. Likewise, the effects of life threat were largely mediated by all these domains plus ecological stress. A mediational model was not appropriate for understanding the consequences of property damage because it did not exhibit a main effect on psychological distr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Information about the intent to emigrate was collected for a sample of 960 adolescents living in the northern region of Portugal. This question was part of a detailed questionnaire designed to assess specific issues concerning social representations of migration‐namely, information, attitude, and fields of representation. Using information about the sociodemographic characteristics and the components of social representation mentioned above, our aim was to identify the independent predictors underlying the adolescent's intent to emigrate. Due to the great number of factors involved in the analysis, we conducted a preliminary selection of independent predictors within each of the aforementioned components and created a global index describing their importance. The findings indicate that, among all components of a social representation, attitude and representation of detachment and adaptation are the most important predictors of intent to emigrate. The relatively poor ability of sociodemographic variables to predict a future emigration does not mean that they are not important, but rather that they are more likely to condition attitude, the strongest predictor of a future emigration in the northern region of Portugal. The implication of these findings for handling intervening migration policies is discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Individual differences in the locus of causality for behavior are seldom considered in tests of regulatory events (e. g., feedback and coercion). This study examined the relationship between Deci and Ryan's (1985a) causality orientation constructs and decision makers’ behavioral intention responses to negative feedback following an initial decision. A laboratory experiment involved 98 Singaporean business students in a commitment escalation context in which sunk costs for an initial investment failure could be recovered by reinvesting in that prospect in preference to selecting an alternative that had previously performed better. Consistent with various theories of the escalation effect, in which subjects responsible for prior negative outcomes tend to reinvest in the initially chosen project, control orientation was positively associated with reinvestment and impersonal orientation was negatively related to reinvestment. The influence of personality on reinvestment/withdrawal behavior was moderated by the experimental condition of responsibility for the initial sunk cost. We discuss the implications of these findings for the construct validity of the causality orientations, the role of personality in commitment escalation, and the important role that individual differences in perceptions of regulatory events may play in determining behavio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between stages of adult life development and causal attributions for attending college among a sample of nontraditional students. It was hypothesized that the meaning of attending school is reflected in the kinds of attributions that are given for attending school. It was also hypothesized that internal attributions are more common at later stages of adult life development. The findings confirmed the existence of internal and external (career and situational) cognitive attributional dimensions, with the internal dimension being the strongest. Coherent stages of adult life development were identified, which corresponded to a transitional stage, an early adult stage, and a mid‐adult stage. Students in the transitional stage were less likely to give external situational attributions, and students in the mid‐life stage were more likely to give external situational attributions. There was also a tendency for internal attributions to increase during the mid‐life phase, although the relationship was not highly significant. The findings are discussed in the context of attribution theory and adult life development theory as well as in terms of implications for educational p

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Jealousy can consist of a broad range of experiences, from an everyday feeling to a pathology that causes abuse and crime. Although historically jealousy has been positively valued, century has seen an antijealousy crusade the effects of which can be noticed everywhere–with the exception of the legal system. Using Weiner's attributional model as theoretical background, a questionnaire research survey was conducted to determine if lay perception considers jealousy to be a justification of wife battery. Results show that current views of jealousy are negative and do not justify a mitigation in responsibility. Additionally differences by age and education can be found in the victim's attributed responsibility independently of the motivation. Implications for the legal system as well as for defensive attribution theory are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY