摘要:

In order to explore some of the links between gender roles and traditional courteous behaviors, 284 university students responded to a questionnaire in which they evaluated scenarios of cross‐sex courteous acts, described their recent experiences with courtesy, and identified courteous behaviors that they commonly performed for and expected from others. As predicted, there was a tendency for courtesies from a woman to a man to be viewed less favorably than courtesies from a man to a woman. Most subjects had directed their most recent act of courtesy toward a female and had received their most recent act from a person of the opposite sex. Some common courtesies tended to be directed toward females more than males, and males were expected to perform certain courtesies such as opening doors and paying for things for women. In general, the results confirmed the theory that courteous behaviors may serve to perpetuate gender role stereotypes and to regulate interactions between the sexes. However, most courteous behaviors were performed and appreciated by people of both gender

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the critical role of the goal difficulty construct in predicting the effects of goals on task performance, the choice of goal difficulty measure(s) has not played a prominent role in goal setting research. The current laboratory study, using 92 college students, examines three operationalizations of the goal difficulty construct: assigned goal level (objective or direct measure), self‐referenced goal difficulty perception. and an externally‐referenced goal difficulty perception. The results clearly demonstrated that the choice of a goal difficulty measure matters in relation to other constructs in goal setting theory. Furthermore, it was found that the externally‐referenced goal difficulty perception measure corresponded best with assigned goal

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of multiple influence tactics in dyadic compliance‐gaining situations are underexplored. In a laboratory experiment, we exposed subjects to a scenario‐based influence attempt within which tactics that convey a rational exchange of benefits were juxtaposed with soft tactics that project friendliness and flattery. We found support for the prediction that soft tactics would heighten compliance more in the absence, rather than presence, of an offered exchange. Implications and limitations are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to assess attitudes toward AIDS as measured by physical distance. Fifty‐two female students were told that they would be interviewing an AIDS patient, a homosexual, a cancer patient, or another student. While waiting, they arranged the two chairs for the interview. The distance between chairs was measured. Subjects placed the chairs significantly farther apart when they anticipated interviewing an AIDS patient than when they anticipated interviewing people under the other conditions. The results suggest that people are still uncomfortable with AIDS patients even under casual circumstances that require minimal physical contact. Implications for social interactions are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research examined the interactive effect of women observers' sex‐role attitudes and a victim's use of physical resistance on perceptions of victim responsibility for a sexual assault. Women read one of two rape scenarios in which a victim either did or did not physically resist a rapist's attack and made judgments concerning victim responsibility. The observers were categorized as being either traditionally conservative or nontraditionally profeminist in their attitudes toward women and their roles in society. An analysis of responsibility judgments indicated that traditional women perceived a victim who resisted the attack as being more responsible for her own victimization than did nontraditional women, whereas nontraditional women assigned more responsibility to a victim who did not resist than did traditional women. These results are considered from a sex‐role socialization perspective; the implications of these findings for legal and health care professionals are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Women's beliefs, attitudes, and intention, defined according to Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), were studied in relation to procedures for abortion: a commonly used surgical method, vacuum aspiration, and a recent medical alternative. Subjects were 53 women requesting an abortion and 53 nonpregnant women. Effects of having had an abortion prior to the study and of situation were obtained as expected in belief ratings and attitude measures. Choice of the medical alternative was related to having distinctly opposite attitudes to methods. Choice of the surgical treatment related to having slightly negative attitudes to both methods. In the actual situation more positive attitudes had been expected and were obtained. Previous experience of abortion and situation were assumed to be external factors with effects on intention if mediated by the attitudes. A logistic regression model showed a good fit and predicted the intentional choice of treatment from attitude scores.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY