摘要:

Detecting anxiety is essential in both help‐giving settings and in everyday social relationships. The studies reported here represent a follow‐up to an earlier set of studies in which observers (raters) accurately identified others' (expressers') state anxiety using either video‐only cues or audio‐video cues. The earlier studies had included expressers who were repressors and nonrepressors, while the present studies included only nonrepressors. Observers viewedheard selected segments of previously videotaped expressers' self‐reported high and low state anxiety experiences. Surprisingly, unlike the earlier studies, state anxiety was significantly inaccurately evaluated when video‐only cues were used, but when audio cues were available, state anxiety was correctly identified. Information in video‐only cues seemed to mislead observers since low compared with high state anxiety was rated as more anxious. These studies, and the significant comparison between studies with audio cues present and with audio cues absent, indicate the impact of auditory cues in detecting state anxi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal field study of 205 students interviewing for jobs tested self‐esteem as a mediator and a moderator in the stress process. Support was found for the mediating role of self‐esteem. Perceived success in the job hunt was positively related to self‐esteem, and self‐esteem was positively related to well‐being. The direct relationship between job hunt success and well‐being was not significant. Furthermore, no support was found for a moderating effect of the self‐esteem variable. The results extend Steele's (1988) theory of sel

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper uses the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) to examine psychosocial factors involved in adopting safer sex practices in a sample of Los Angeles injection drug users (IDUs;n= 161) who reported having more than one sex partner in the year preceding the interview. The ARRM hypothesizes that behavior change is a process occurring in three stages: (a) labeling one's behavior as problematic, (b) making a commitment to behavior change, and (c) taking action to accomplish that change. We test the first two stages of the model using a measure of perceived risk of HIV infection (Stage I), and intentions to use condoms always during vaginal or anal sex in the next year (Stage 2). We examine differences in the predictive value of the ARM between IDUs who reported using condoms in the year prior to the interview and those who reported not using them. We identify leverage points in the model‐factors which appear to have a major influence on intentions to use condoms and which may be amenable to change through educational or other types of intervention. For both condom users and non‐users, susceptibility to AIDS predicted perceived infection risk (Stage I). For condom users, knowledge about AIDS also predicted perceived risk. For both groups, self efficacy, peer norms concerning condom use, and the perceived pleasure of using condoms predicted intentions to use condoms (Stage 2). Our findings do not support either direct or indirect relationships between the Stage 1 and Stage 2 outcome variables for either gr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the meaning of accompaniment to an abortion clinic by a male partner and explored the effects of accompaniment on women's immediate and three‐week post‐abortion psychological distress. A comparison of accompanied and unaccompanied women revealed few differences in demographic or psychological characteristics, although accompanied women perceived greater levels of social support from their partners and reported that they were in more committed relationships. The effects of accompaniment on women's post‐abortion distress were neither universally positive nor universally negative, but depended on the personal characteristics of the women involved. Consistent with Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, 1988), accompaniment was more beneficial for women who were high in personal coping resources than for women low in these reso

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY