摘要:

An important recent development in the caregiving literature is an increased focus on the role played by the interpersonal relationship between caregiver and care recipient. In this study, a prediction derived from communal relationship theory (Clark&Mills, 1979, 1993; Mills&Clark, 1982) was tested in a sample of patients with recurrent cancer and their family caregivers. Specifically, it was hypothesized that if a relationship had been communal in the past (i.e., characterized by mutual demonstrations of concern for and responsiveness to one another's needs), positive feelings about helping one's partner should continue even when one partner's needs far outweigh those of the other. Consistent with this hypothesis, results indicated that caregivers whose relationship with the patient before illness onset had been characterized by relatively infrequent communal behaviors evidenced more symptoms of depression that did those whose relationship had been characterized by more frequent communal behaviors. In addition, the effects of prior communal behavior on depressed affect were both mediated and moderated by feelings of burden. Caregivers who recalled relatively few communal behaviors in their past relationship felt more burdened by their caregiving role, and burden in turn predicted greater depressive symptomatology. Implications for early identification of caregivers at risk for becoming distressed are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on the attributional reformulation of learned helplessness theory (Abramson, Seligman,&Teasdale, 1978) and Lazarus and Launier's (1978) primary‐secondary appraisal theory of stress, the present study sought to examine teleworkers' reactions to their work‐related problems. The role of attributions about the sources, and cognitions about the consesquences, of these problems in promoting positive adaptation was addressed. In particular, it was predicted that teleworkers who made optimistic attributions and cognitions would be more likely to employ problem‐focused coping strategies and, as a result, report more positive psychological and job‐related outcomes. Based on a survey sample of 192 teleworkers, the results indicated that a tendency to engage in self‐blame was related to the use of emotion‐focused coping strategies. In turn, there was evidence linking emotion‐focused coping strategies to negative outcomes and problem‐focused coping strategies to positive outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to attributional approaches to stress which highlight the importance of cognitions about the consequences of negative events. Finally, implications for the training of teleworker

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two archival studies examined the impact of people's appearance on the status and type of civilian and military jobs they hold. Study 1 found that, although appearance was not related to job status, taller men had higher incomes. Additionally, appearance was significantly related to the type of jobs people held. Attractive women and tall men held jobs requiring traits more consistent with the attractiveness halo, while babyfaced women and short men held jobs more consistent with the babyface stereotype. These effects remained after controlling for job‐relevant personality and educational variables, suggesting an unjustified bias toward people with certain appearances. Study 2 found that heavier men had lower job status, as reflected in military rank attainment. However, this relationship was eliminated when controlling for intelligence and dependability. Also, babyfaced men achieved higher status through being marginally more likely to win a military award. This unexpected effect was attributed to the contrast between heroic actions and the babyface stereotype. Finally, appearance affected the type of military experience men had. Heavier men were more likely to be in situations involving gunfire or casualties. These studies make an important contribution by extending laboratory findings to the real world, exploring the effects of appearance on job type as well as status, and providing evidence that appearance effects are not solely due to covariation with bona fide job qualification

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In evaluating dating scenarios, perceivers tend to infer more sexual responsiveness for drinking than nondrinking daters. The origin of these postdrinking sexual inferences has not previously been examined. In the present study, we considered whether perceivers' alcohol expectancies would influence these inferences. Male and female subjects completed a brief expectancy measure, read a vignette depicting a beer‐drinking or cola‐drinking woman, and evaluated the targeted woman. Multiple‐regression equations were computed to test a replication hypothesis and an interaction hypothesis. In support of the replication hypothesis, subjects rated the beer‐drinking woman as more sexual than her cola‐drinking counterpart. In support of the interaction hypothesis, male but not female subjects exhibited the predicted expectancy by drink interaction. High expectancy men but not low expectancy men rated the beer‐drinking woman as more likely to engage in sexual behaviors than the cola‐drinking woman. This finding was evident on behaviorally specific measures, but not on trait‐like measures. The roles of stereotypes and alcohol expectancies as determinants of post‐drinking sexual inferen

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY