摘要:

The subjects in Study 1 (the target group) provided their names and data on their own temperaments. The subjects in Study 2 rated the target group's names on uniqueness and desirability. The subjects in Study 3 rated the temperament qualities connoted by the names given by the target group. The name uniqueness and desirability scales had high reliabilities and correlated ‐0.44, showing that more unique names were less desirable. The qualities of pleasantness and dominance, which were connoted by a person's name, were judged very reliably. Names that connoted psychological health versus maladjustment (pleasant/ unpleasant temperament) were indeed associated with pleasant/unpleasant temperament attributes. The pleasantness and dominance connoted by names enhanced the desirability of those names, whereas greater unpleasantness and submissiveness were connoted by more unique name

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To facilitate more effective AIDS education with heterosexual college students, an etiological study of AIDS risk behavior was conducted on a sample of 1,035 students at a large western university. In this study, “AIDS risk behavior” refers to participation in casual sex, failure to use condoms, and resistance to changing casual sex activity. Knowledge regarding AIDS had no significant correlation with AIDS‐risk behavior. However, “perceived peer norms” (termed Peer Norm in this study) was a major predictor variable in AIDS risk behavior. Peer Norm was defined as perceived AIDS‐risk attitudes and the behavior of one's peers. These findings contrast some what with those of Emmons et al.'s (1986) study of homosexual men. This difference may be due to the focus in the present study upon heterosexual university students as subjects. For this group, our results suggest that programs targeting the peer group in AIDS prevention education are especially needed. These might include peer‐based AIDS education, emotion‐oriented discussion sessions, encounters with “Peers‐with‐AIDS” models, and role‐playi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distinctiveness hypothesis proposes that self‐definitions are influenced by those aspects of the self which make us different from the majority (e. g., MGuire, 1982). This research supports the hypothesis that students of nontraditional college age, who are a minority on this dimension, should be more likely to mention age in their spontaneous self‐descriptions than students of traditional college age or college faculty members. Possible consequences of being a minority on this dimension are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within the criminal justice system, there is a growing trend toward utilizing videotape technology to record and to present confession evidence. Previous research, however, indicates that the point of view from which a confession is videotaped can influence determinations of its voluntariness. The present study extended this earlier result by demonstrating that (a) confessor‐focus, but not equal‐focus (on the confessor and interrogator), videotapes produce judgments of greater voluntariness compared to the more traditional audiotape and transcript formats; (b) this pattern generalizes across confessions concerned with three different crimes (i. e., rape, drug trafficking, and burglary); (c) individuals high and low in need for cognition are equally susceptible to the videotaped‐confession bias; and (d) biased voluntariness judgments may, in turn, prejudice likelihood‐of‐guilt assessments. In light of both a recent Supreme Court ruling stating that the improper use of involuntary confessions may in certain instances be considered “harmless error,” and the fact that actual criminal interrogations are usually videotaped with the focus on the confessor, these findings have important legal

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model based on the disputing process is discussed in the context of annoyances with neighbors. Results of a telephone survey (n= 198) which examined the cognitive and behavioral reactions of respondents to neighbor annoyances are presented. Most respondents handled neighbor annoyances through cognitive coping mechanisms. The intensity of annoyance and the cognitions reported in response to the annoyance, were related to whether respondents actively reacted to the annoyance (complained or disputed).

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article addresses the relationship between religious affiliation and a very specific form of firearms ownership, that is, handgun ownership. Literature is reviewed relative to explanations of gun ownership. A test of the hypothesized relationship between religious affiliation and handgun ownership demonstrated a statistically significant (p<0.03) association. Protestants were found to have a disproportionately high level of handgun ownership compared to other religious groups. Speculation for this finding is reviewed relative to other recent research on this topic.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY