摘要:

Two studies examined the role of representativeness in determining the legal age of customers seeking to purchase alcohol. In Study 1, subjects were presented with a series of common grocery products along with an alcoholic beverage and a shopper. Results indicated that products which cued an older consumer produced higher age estimates of the shopper and decreased the likelihood that they would be asked to provide proof of legal age. Study 2 extended these findings in two important ways: (a) The target was presented as either a college student or parent and (b) individual differences in self‐consciousness were related to susceptibility to manipulations of representativeness. Results indicated that the parent/student manipulation affected both the decision to request identification and age estimates of the target. Age estimations were positively related to individual differences in public self‐consciousness, whereas the decision to request identification depended upon individual levels of social anxiety and private self‐consciousness. Implications of these data for restricting access to alcohol among minors are consi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

University students in Hawaii (N= 171) and in Germany (N= 61) completed the 6‐item Belief in a Just World Scale (BJWS; Dalbert, Montada,&Schmitt, 1987), an instrument developed in Germany to measure general just world belief. Results indicated that the BJWS is equally well suited to measure just world belief in an American sample. Subjects also completed a short instrument to assess justice judgments about the situation of a disadvantaged group (in Hawaii: Pacific Island immigrants; in Germany: foreign workers). For both samples, the disadvantaged group's situation was judged as more just by subjects with a greater belief in a just world and by those who were more socially similar to the disadvantaged group. Compared to students in Germany, those from Hawaii held stronger beliefs in a just world. Results were discussed in terms of generality and cultural specifity of the just world belie

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Informal peer intervention may be an effective means of combating drunk driving. Prior research finds that: (a) An experimental model of decision making in bystander intervention situations can successfully be applied to drunk driving intervention (DUI intervention); and (b) various personal and situational factors influence a person's decision to intervene. Our research examines questionnaire data and finds support, with some modification, for application of the experimental model to DUI intervention. We also find that a person's self‐evaluation as a competent helper is often the most important factor in determining whether or not they intervene. This suggests that empowering persons as interveners may be an effective means of decreasing drunk drivin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reports of community alienation and high ingroup identification in the police suggest that they are a particularly ethnocentric group. To empirically test this hypothesis, a sample of urban police officers was surveyed to ascertain their social identity pattern. Results indicated a high level of peer solidarity, community alienation differentiated on the basis of race and social class, and the perception that the source of alienation lies more with the community than with the officers themselves. A central finding was that those officers who identified most strongly with peers also tended to report lower levels of alienation from the community groups. This finding, in conjunction with unremarkable levels of authoritarianism and perceived stress in the sample, challenges the stereotype of the ethnocentric, authoritarian, and stressed out police officer. Results are placed within a novel framework for understanding the police solidarity phenomenon, and implications for police‐community relations are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Satisfaction with subordinates, a relatively neglected facet of job satisfaction, was examined via questionnaires administered to both a sample of 37 retail store supervisors and a second sample of 58 bank supervisors regarding 274 of their subordinates. Functional relationships between supervisors and subordinates, in which subordinates help get things done in the workplace, were related to satisfaction with subordinates even after entity relationships (similarity between supervisors and subordinates on biodata and values) were controlled.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY