摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine how individuals’ impressions of a handicapped child and the child's mother would be affected by (a) the mother's apparent degree of responsibility for the child's handicap (operationalized as engaging or not engaging in alcohol abuse while pregnant), (b) severity of the child's handicap, and (c) race of the mother (black vs. white). Impressions were defined as respondents'(a) decisions regarding funding for special education services for the child, (b) emotional reactions toward the mother and the child, (c) perceptions of traits possessed by the mother, and (d) evaluations of the fairness of payment strategies for special education resources for the child. A vignette approach was used in which each respondent read one of eight possible descriptions of mother and child. Results indicated that although mothers were evaluated more negatively when they engaged in alcohol abuse than when they did not, these critical impressions did not “spill over” to negatively color appraisals of the child. Mothers who were black and who had a severely handicapped child were evaluated more negatively than were white mothers in the same situation, although the reverse occurred when the child's handicap was described as being only moderate. Implications are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study investigated the effects of ethnicity and nonverbal style on interpersonal attraction in university students. Sixty‐four Palagi (white New Zealand) women participated in the research and were randomly assigned to interview either a Palagi or Samoan student in a study on friendship. Female confederates, who posed as interviewees, responded with a pre‐rehearsed script and exhibited either a Palagi or Samoan nonverbal style. After conclusion of the interview, subjects completed a questionnaire about the project, including their perceptions of the interviewee confederate. A2 × 2 analysis of variance revealed a main effect of nonverbal style on ratings of interpersonal attractiveness: subjects preferred confederates who displayed culturally congruent (Palagi) nonverbal behaviors. There were no significant effects, however, for ethnicity or for the ethnicity by style interac

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To the extent that many people seek and maintain a suntan because they believe it makes them more attractive, people who are particularly motivated to make good impressions on others or to be seen as physically attractive are at increased risk for skin cancer. This study examined cognitive, motivational, and attitudinal predictors of two factors that are associated with increased risk for skin cancer: engaging in behaviors that increase one's exposure to UV radiation and inadequate use of sunscreen. Self‐presentational motives involving a concern for one's personal appearance and the belief that being tan enhances one's attractiveness were the strongest predictors of the degree to which respondents exposed themselves to natural and artificial sources of UV radiation. Sunscreen use was best predicted by knowing someone with skin cancer. Implications for attempts to promote safe‐sun practices are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The credibility and power of a manager were manipulated in vignettes. Eighty‐four subjects read a description and responded to scales measuring perceptions of power. Results indicated that credibility had a direct effect on power ratings. Objective power, which was manipulated in the vignettes, also had a direct effect on perceived power ratings. In addition, a significant interaction of objective power by credibility indicated that objective power had a moderating effect on the relationship between credibility and perceived power. The results are particularly meaningful with respect to the credibility manipulation, given that the scales used were designed specifically to measure reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. Suggestions for future research on credibility and its relationship to social power are offere

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Self‐efficacy has been an important psychosocial construct for more than a decade. However, several different ways of measuring the concept have appeared in the literature, raising questions as to the comparability of approaches. This study is a “first‐step” exploration of issues relating to the use of alternate measures of self‐efficacy. ANCOVA results raise concerns regarding the comparability of measures of self‐efficacy, which are undifferentiated in terms of level of difficulty, and measures that reflect graded levels of task difficulty. These measurement issues hold implications for future research utilizing measures of se

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

College students’ perceptions of the sex typing of 129 occupations were gathered and compared with those reported by Shinar (1975). Questionnaires were completed by 72 males and 70 females. As in Shinar's study, a continuum of the perceptions of occupations from masculine to feminine was replicated. A comparison of the mean ratings for the occupations and of the percentages of women in each occupation in 1975 and 1988 is reported in a comprehensive table. The results indicated that occupational sex typing continues to exist and that women tend to perceive jobs as being more neutral than men do. However, the occupational sex typing may not be based on the actual percentages of women in the occupation

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY