摘要:

Bipolar rating scales (e. g., semantic differentials) are a common tool for gathering perceptions about attributes of persons, events, or activities. Researchers have questioned, however, whether individual responses are methodologically constrained when bipolar scales are used. Comparing both bipolar and unipolar scales, the present study investigates previous research findings on perceptions of risk by Fischhoff, Slovic, Lichtenstein, Read, and Combs (1978). The subjects in the current study (N= 94) rated the same 30 technologies, substances, and activities as in the Fischhoff et al. (1978) study but used unipolar scales. Correlational analysis indicated that some presumed antagonistic adjective pairs were indeed opposites, while others were not. On the other hand, factor analyses indicated that the same factors described by Fischhoff et al. (1978) were uncovered in the present study. However, the use of a unipolar methodology allowed us to refine the interpretations of both factors.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A meta‐analysis was conducted to test whether the use of self‐report measures within the bogus pipeline (BPL) paradigm yields more valid responses than the use of self‐report measures alone for assessing cigarette smoking behavior. The meta‐analytic results indicate that, overall, a BPL condition resulted in a larger proportion of subjects reporting that they are frequent smokers, as compared to a self‐report measure only (no pipeline) condition. Tests of categorical models indicate that the enhanced validity of self‐reports within the BPL paradigm is moderated by the following variables: (a) type of BPL presentation employed, (b) type of self‐report measure to which the BPL technique is compared, and (c) whether most participants are smokers (as indicated by a bioche

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The determinants of recycling in multi‐family residences were investigated by administering a 50‐item questionnaire to 230 residents of buildings where recycling collection systems had been installed. The level of tenant participation, defined by a composite index of self‐reported usage, was positively associated with income, education, recycling motivation, and cleanliness of the recycling system. It was negatively associated with the number of different types of collection containers. At the aggregate level, participation varied considerably between the complexes. These differences were largely accounted for in terms of three system support variables, specified in terms of the “user friendliness” of the recycling system, its spatial location within the complex, and the degree to which the manager supported the program. Multiple regression analysis indicated that user friendliness and manager commitment together accounted for 85.3% of the variance in the aggregate participation index. These results suggested several experimental interventions designed to increase participation in multi‐family recycli

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The coping strategies used to respond to the perceived health threat of contaminated food are examined. Six hundred and thirty randomly selected adults in the state of Iowa responded to a mailed questionnaire asking their attitudes and behaviors concerning food safety. A principal component analysis of coping measure identified two distinct coping strategies–problem solving and fatalism/avoidance/ trust. Multiple regression analysis showed that the respondents who tended to be health conscious (i. e., engaged in health protective behaviors and had better quality diets) and perceived unsafe food as a personal threat and a social problem were more likely to select problem solving as a coping mechanism. The respondents who were low in health consciousness were more likely to select the approaches of fatalism/ avoidance. Social class variables did not differentiate coping strategie

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Suggested modifications of the theory of reasoned action, which conceptualize the functional operation of the attitudinal and normative components in intention formation as separate, separate but contingent, and inseparable, are discussed. The model structures are examined with regard to the underlying psychological assumptions (psychological meaningfulness) and with regard to the required scale levels for the model variables, so that the results of model tests are invariant under the admissible scale transformations (formal meaningfulness). Using a procedure that combines “optimal scaling” with hierarchical regression analysis, the model variants are tested for women's (n= 89) and men's (n= 89) intentions to use contraceptive methods (pill, intrauterine device, condom, and natural methods) that require the model variables to be measured on interval scales. The results strongly favored the theory of reasoned action above the other model variants. Only for the subjective norm model was a better model fit found for a belief‐only model compared to the original product‐sum model. Gender differences were found with regard to the salient belief sets and the explanatory power of the normative model co

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY