摘要:

This study investigated the effects of focus of attention (victim vs. defendant) and the ability to recommend a sentence in addition to rendering a verdict versus rendering only a verdict on judgments in a rape case. Support was found for the hypothesis that participants would more often find the defendant guilty, and would be more confident in their guilty verdict when a sentence could be recommended in addition to the verdict, compared to those who only recommended a verdict. This pattern was especially prominent for females. This finding is discussed in terms of the standard of reasonable doubt that mock jurors may impose on their verdict decision. Interactions between the independent variables suggest that these factors may prompt mock jurors to selectively attend to particular types of information at particular times.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Researchers in psychology and marketing have found that consumers' perceptions and evaluations of a product's attractiveness, desirability, expensiveness, quality, and taste are affected by knowledge that the product is scarce. This study examines scarcity's effect on a new variable—anticipated price appreciation. Although scarcity does not affect a product's actual potential for price appreciation, news reports of scarce collectibles that have appreciated in value may lead people to develop naive economic theories associating scarcity with price appreciation. Consistent with this expectation, we found that scarcity increased the anticipated price appreciation of two collectible products. The practical implications of this result are discussed along with issues for future researc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 3‐year longitudinal study assessed the effects of studying in the social sciences versus commerce on sociopolitical orientation. Results reveal field‐specific changes in attitudes. Commerce students (n= 34) became, over time, more favorable toward “capitalists,” less favorable toward “unions,” and less likely to attribute poverty and unemployment to systemic factors. In contrast, social science students (n= 57) maintained liberal attitudes and became less likely to attribute poverty and unemployment to internal dispositions. Beliefs about internal and external causes of poverty and unemployment, while unrelated in 1st year, become negatively related in 3rd year but only among social science students. Measures taken in 3rd year to assess the influence of peers, professors, and courses suggest that peers have a generally conservative effect, even in the social sciences, while professors and courses have a liberal effect only in the soci

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drug‐use myths, questionable beliefs regarding the effects of drug use, may help to explain why people engage in self‐injurious drug‐use behavior. While clinicians and applied social researchers have used this concept of drug‐use myths extensively when developing substance abuse prevention or cessation programs, drug belief‐type myth measures have not been investigated empirically. The present study examined the internal consistency and discriminant validity of a drug‐use myth measure among 362 continuation (alternative) high school youth and found it to be discriminable from demographic, drug use, and other psychosocial measures. Controlling for its relations with its correlates, social desirability, perceived friends' drug use, ethnicity items, and gender, the myth measure remained significantly associated with 4 drug‐use measures. Future research regarding drug use myths as predictors of drug use is encouraged based on

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the impact of conflict‐resolution training on students' use of distributive and integrative negotiating procedures. In a midwestern, suburban middle school, 176 students (grades 6 through 9) participated in the study. Students were placed in a negotiation situation involving the buying and selling of commodities in which they could adopt a distributive (maximize own outcomes) or an integrative (maximize joint outcomes) negotiation approach. There were no significant differences between males and females or among students in the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grades. The results of this study indicated that conflict‐resolution and peer‐mediation training resulted in the middle school students increasing their use of integrative negotiations and the positiveness of students' attitudes toward con

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY