摘要:

Previous research suggests that women have lower pay expectations and a lower sense of personal entitlement with respect to pay than similarly qualified men (cf. Major&Konar, in press; Major, McFarlin,&Gagnon, 1984). The present research examined, in two liking simulation experiments, the impact of a job applicant's pay expectations and gender on starting salary offers, hiring recommendations, and evaluations made by management students. Results of both experiments indicated that, given identical applicant qualifications, the higher the salary requested by an applicant, the higher the salary he or she was offered, regardless of the applicant's gender. However, women with moderate pay expectations were offered significantly more money (Experiment 1) and were significantly more likely to be hired (Experiment 2) than were men with moderate expectations. Amount of pay expected had no impact on other evaluations of the applicant. The role that gender differences in pay expectations may play in perpetuating nonperformance‐related pay differences between women and men is discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kandel's research on the relationship between friendship similarity and deviant behavior in adolescents is extended by a consideration of more mildly deviant behaviors, controlling for the possible spurious effects of sex, race, and grade. Tversky's theory of elimination by aspect is used to model the individual level decision‐making process involved in friendship selection, and a contingency table model is used as an analytic framework. Results indicate that in females, even controlling for obvious friendship selection factors, mildly deviant behaviors like smoking, drinking, and particularly sexual intercourse affect the observed friendship structure. No such relationship is found in males, however. Tentative theories to explain this difference are propose

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYMLOG, a method and theory of group observation and analysis developed by Bales, is applied to the examination of issue polarization. Using a “phantom other” technique, the locations in SYMLOG's three‐space of values for polar stands on ten controversial issues were measured. There was a high rate of agreement on these locations despite great diversity of opinion on the issues themselves. Subjectivity in locations is explained by Lewin's theory of vectors of attraction and repulsion. Individuals tend to draw toward their global favored (PRO) locations those stands with which they agree. For example, one who opposes abortion on demand will draw toward his or her PRO location the image of “opposes abortion on demand.” Subjectivity in issue polarization seems to be organized around attraction to and repulsion from the PRO location without regard to the individual's global opposed (CON)

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of a door‐to‐door campaign to raise funds for the American Cancer Society, 359 people in a middle‐class neighborhood were randomly assigned to five different versions of a request for contributions. A version of the request similar to that typically used in such charity drives served as a control and the other four versions were modified slightly on the basis of social psychological principles. Three of these manipulations failed to increase donating beyond the level of the standard request. Replicating prior research, it was found that for completed requests (N= 293) adding the words “even a penny will help” to the standard request significantly increased the percentage of people who donated. However, in 66 cases the solicitor was interrupted with a donation or a refusalbeforedelivering the key phrase that differentiated the experimental conditions. An analysis of these incomplete requests suggests that the effectiveness of the even‐a‐penny technique may be at least partially explained by the solicitors'

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the effect of type of evidence presented within an adversarial procedure on evaluations of pprocedural and distributive justice. Within the context of a simulated civil case, subjects were given supportive evidence that focused on either the legal aspects of the case or the extenuating circumstances surrounding the dispute. Following adjudication, subjects received either a favorable or an unfavorable verdict. Results revealed an evidential orientation by verdict interaction such that subjects with equity‐based evidence made more extreme evaluations of the verdict than did subjects whose evidence was legalistic in nature. These findings are discussed in terms of the hedonic relevance and disconfirmation of expectations possibly associated with equity evidenc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mother‐infant interaction of 14 teenage mothers and 12 women 20 years or older was observed and recorded in the laboratory or the home when the infants were 16, 20, 24, and 52 weeks of age. In order to assess the possible effect of the research intervention on the maternal behavior and on the infants' development, a control group of teenage mothers and their infants was seen only at the end of the study when the infant was 52 weeks old. At 12 months the Home Observation Measure of the Environment Inventory (HOME) was administered and infants were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (motor and mental scales) and the Ainsworth Strange Situation procedure. On all measures the observation groups scored significantly higher than the control group. The significant aspects of the research intervention are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In pursuit of efficiency, formal organizations often create deindividualized, uniqueness‐depriving environments. The laboratory experiment reported here tests the effects of another's failure to acknowledge one's individuality on interpersonal affect and willingness to help that person. Undergraduate business students were shown a set of bogus ratings representing their task group leader's perceptions of them on 30 personality traits and 10 occupational interests. The ratings indicated that the group leader believed the subject was extremely similar (non‐unique) or somewhat similar (unique) to the typical college student. In a highly individualistic culture another's failure to recognize one's uniqueness should be experienced as unwarranted harm and evoke responses mediated by the negative norm of reciprocity. As expected, subjects receiving non‐unique feedback volunteered fewer hours to help the group leader perform his or her duties and were less productive when the group leader was believed to benefit from their effort. In spite of these behavioral effects, attitudes toward the leader were not influenced by the uniqueness feedback. After recognizing limits to generalizability, implications for behavior in deindividualized organizations are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1984.tb02253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY