摘要:

Participants were induced to experience positive affect, negative affect, or no shift in current affect. Then they conducted a simulated job interview with an applicant (actually an assistant) who appeared to be highly qualified, ambiguously qualified, or unqualified for the job in question. It was predicted that interviewers’ moods would exert the strongest influence on ratings of the applicant when this person's qualifications were ambiguous. Results offered partial support for this hypothesis. When the applicant's qualifications were ambiguous, participants induced to experience positive affect rated this person higher on several dimensions than participants induced to experience negative affect. When the applicant appeared to be highly qualified for the job, in contrast, interviewers’ moods had no significant effect on their ratings of this person. Contrary to expectations, however, interviewers’ moods significantly influenced ratings of the applicant when this person appeared to be unqualified for the job in question. In this condition, participants induced to experience positive affect actually rated the applicant lower than those induced to experience negative affect. Several mechanisms that may have contributed to these results (e. g., tendencies toward mood maintenance, adoption of a positive‐test strategy) are examined. In addition, practical implications of these findings for conducting job interviews and for the use of various impression‐management techniques by applicants are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Karasek's (1979) demand‐discretion theory of job strain and satisfaction was tested in a cross‐sectional survey of informal carers of elderly people (n= 108) identified from a preliminary screening survey. The theory was largely supported by the findings. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that carer well‐being and satisfaction with caring work were predicted by high levels of demand arising from the needs of elderly dependents and the interaction of high demands with discretion over meeting demands. The results allow some clarification of previously inconsistent findings from caregiver well‐being research and have implications for the design of services to relieve carers of the burden

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

People typically attribute lower health risks to themselves than to others, a phenomenon referred to as unrealistic optimism. The present study tested the person positivity bias as a previously unexamined explanation of the phenomenon and analyzed the relationship between unrealistic optimism and expectations of control. High‐school students estimated their own and one of three other persons’(the average student's, a randomly chosen student's, or their best same‐sex friend's) chances of getting health problems. They also filled out questionnaires measuring locus of control and health‐protective behavior. In contrast with the person positivity explanation, unrealistic optimism was not restricted to the “average other” condition. However, unrealistic optimism was stronger in subjects with a more internal locus of control than in subjects with a rather external locus of control. An unpredicted effect of estimation order was observed: Unrealistic optimism was stronger in subjects who estimated the comparison person's risks first than in subjects who started with own risks. This effect can be understood in terms of Codol's observation that people perceive others as more similar to themselves than they themselves ar

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of learning‐oriented versus performance‐oriented feedback of task performance. The research also examined the role of self‐efficacy as a moderator. Subjects were college students participating for course credit. The task involved using a computerized simulation of the Space Shuttle's Remote Manipulation System (RMS). Results provided evidence of the beneficial effects of learning‐oriented feedback on performance for the performance dimension addressed in the feedback. Results also provided evidence that self‐efficacy moderates the effects of feedback type (learning‐oriented versus performance‐oriented) on the performance dimension addressed in the feedback. Results are discussed in terms of the cuing and directional functions of feedback and the processes through which feedback influence

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the tendency to inflate self‐reports of GPAs on application forms and research surveys. The major purpose of the research was to examine the consistency of inflation behavior across situations and determine whether self‐monitoring moderates this consistency. Two hundred and twenty‐six graduating seniors reported their GPAs on application forms used at a university's placement office and 1 month later reported their GPAs on a research survey in a classroom setting. Respondents’ self‐monitoring and attitude toward inflation were also measured on the survey. Results indicated that inflation was more prevalent on the research survey than on application forms and low GPA respondents exhibited greater inflation than did high GPA respondents. Furthermore, inflation across situations was more consistent and could be better predicted by inflation attitudes for low self‐monitors than for high self‐monitors. Implications for impression management and self‐reports in employment context

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY